{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103172839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","title":"Adaptive task decomposition and modular multilayer perceptrons for letter recognition","display_name":"Adaptive task decomposition and modular multilayer perceptrons for letter recognition","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103172839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","mag":"2103172839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007052738","display_name":"Daqi Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao Daqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097965274","display_name":"Li Renliang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Renliang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089246314","display_name":"Nie Gui-ping","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nie Guiping","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090976367","display_name":"Changwu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Changwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., East China Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75312223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2937","last_page":"2942"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7242274880409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.7231720089912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6784671545028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6181433796882629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.587919294834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5598825812339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.5134292840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5093663930892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.5056097507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5029789805412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49576887488365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4561525881290436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3926943242549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3440850079059601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27469003200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2413853108882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0760541558265686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7242274880409241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.7231720089912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6784671545028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6181433796882629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.587919294834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5598825812339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5134292840957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5093663930892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5056097507476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5029789805412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49576887488365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4561525881290436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3926943242549896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3440850079059601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27469003200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2413853108882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0760541558265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2004.1381131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69318073","https://openalex.org/W1976990135","https://openalex.org/W1982610692","https://openalex.org/W2004075725","https://openalex.org/W2009466980","https://openalex.org/W2019806426","https://openalex.org/W2020663993","https://openalex.org/W2021404082","https://openalex.org/W2034613413","https://openalex.org/W2034767890","https://openalex.org/W2040884411","https://openalex.org/W2070229819","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2100816322","https://openalex.org/W2101349570","https://openalex.org/W2113890143","https://openalex.org/W2127545084","https://openalex.org/W2134631822","https://openalex.org/W2143533311","https://openalex.org/W2146615496","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2153382583","https://openalex.org/W2153436198","https://openalex.org/W2158449659","https://openalex.org/W2160177263","https://openalex.org/W2164276496","https://openalex.org/W2165367035","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4247777826","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299827484","https://openalex.org/W6602798092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121932492","https://openalex.org/W1997544008","https://openalex.org/W3004137470","https://openalex.org/W1630076647","https://openalex.org/W2378076731","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W4286888643","https://openalex.org/W131378092","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W2065370636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,9,83],"task":[4],"decomposition":[5],"method,":[6],"which":[7],"divides":[8],"large-scale":[10],"learning":[11],"problem":[12],"into":[13,58],"multiple":[14],"limited-scale":[15],"pairs":[16],"of":[17,39,65,79,90,96],"training":[18,35],"subsets":[19],"and":[20,43,48,82],"cross":[21],"validation":[22],"(CV)":[23],"subsets.":[24],"Correspondingly,":[25],"modular":[26],"multilayer":[27],"perceptrons":[28],"are":[29,56,110],"set":[30],"up.":[31],"At":[32],"first,":[33],"one":[34],"subset":[36,55],"only":[37],"consists":[38],"its":[40],"own":[41],"class":[42],"several":[44],"most":[45],"neighboring":[46],"categories,":[47],"then":[49],"some":[50],"classes":[51],"in":[52],"the":[53,62,66,76,87,94,107],"CV":[54],"moved":[57],"it":[59],"according":[60],"to":[61],"generalization":[63],"error":[64],"module.":[67],"work":[69],"presents":[70],"an":[71],"empirical":[72],"formula":[73],"for":[74,85,102],"selecting":[75],"initial":[77],"number":[78,89],"hidden":[80,91],"nodes,":[81],"method":[84],"determining":[86],"optimal":[88],"units":[92],"with":[93],"help":[95],"singular":[97],"value":[98],"decomposition.":[99],"The":[100],"result":[101],"letter":[103],"recognition":[104],"shows":[105],"that":[106],"above":[108],"methods":[109],"quite":[111],"effective.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
