{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1524897118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","title":"Spectral histogram based face detection","display_name":"Spectral histogram based face detection","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1524897118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","mag":"1524897118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012828383","display_name":"Christopher A. Waring","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Waring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102867647","display_name":"Xiuwen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-3872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuwen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012828383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2733,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56329582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1263","last_page":"1267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.784065842628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7259131669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7227892279624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7208353877067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.5936216711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.576035737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5750777125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.569353461265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.562113344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4582582712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4337373971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.42162230610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.42041414976119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3441680669784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.180935800075531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.784065842628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7259131669998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7227892279624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7208353877067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.5936216711997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.576035737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5750777125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.569353461265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.562113344669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4582582712173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4337373971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42162230610847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.42041414976119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3441680669784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.180935800075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490632837","https://openalex.org/W1601741105","https://openalex.org/W1675092744","https://openalex.org/W1925034021","https://openalex.org/W2043424872","https://openalex.org/W2064328587","https://openalex.org/W2103443043","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2126174118","https://openalex.org/W2128716185","https://openalex.org/W2138560582","https://openalex.org/W2152473410","https://openalex.org/W2156438113","https://openalex.org/W2159686933","https://openalex.org/W2161327754","https://openalex.org/W2163030924","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W6680587218","https://openalex.org/W6684103895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"adopts":[2],"a":[3,46,54,89],"generic":[4],"feature":[5],"representation":[6,44],"and":[7,24,82,93],"applies":[8],"it":[9],"to":[10,53,72,78,95],"the":[11,29,42,65,96],"task":[12],"of":[13,22,32,45,98],"face":[14,36],"detection":[15,37],"as":[16,51],"an":[17],"appearance-based":[18],"case.":[19],"The":[20,35,60],"distribution":[21,31],"faces":[23],"non-faces":[25],"are":[26],"modeled":[27],"from":[28],"marginal":[30],"filter":[33],"responses.":[34],"algorithm":[38],"proposed":[39],"here":[40],"uses":[41],"spectral":[43],"21/spl":[47],"times/21":[48],"image":[49],"window":[50],"input":[52],"multiple":[55],"layer":[56],"perceptron":[57],"for":[58],"classification.":[59],"classifier":[61],"is":[62,76,86],"trained":[63],"with":[64],"backpropagation":[66],"learning":[67],"rule.":[68],"A":[69],"simple":[70],"method":[71],"correct":[73],"nonuniform":[74],"illuminance":[75],"used":[77],"normalize":[79],"all":[80],"training":[81],"test":[83],"images.":[84],"Testing":[85],"done":[87],"on":[88],"standard":[90],"data":[91],"set":[92],"compared":[94],"work":[97],"others.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
