{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163063207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","title":"\"Freecell\" neural network heuristics","display_name":"\"Freecell\" neural network heuristics","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163063207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","mag":"2163063207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040265603","display_name":"A. Dunphy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Dunphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003699164","display_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.I. Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2016089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2288","last_page":"2293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.9005661010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7033706307411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7026519775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6745357513427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6113749742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5835619568824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5667015314102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5292239189147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5168269276618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyper-heuristic","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","score":0.49787282943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4885214567184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17331194877624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.06881865859031677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.9005661010742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7033706307411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7026519775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6745357513427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6113749742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5835619568824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5667015314102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5292239189147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5168269276618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117270229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5957539","display_name":"Hyper-heuristic","level":5,"score":0.49787282943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4885214567184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17331194877624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.06881865859031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077658674","https://openalex.org/W2114423471","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2155029100","https://openalex.org/W2170588376","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W4212997115","https://openalex.org/W4300402905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W2007032764","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W4352977312","https://openalex.org/W2067280619","https://openalex.org/W2041180560","https://openalex.org/W2586529194","https://openalex.org/W1628567638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24],"areas,":[1],"such":[2,52],"as":[3,53,69],"planning,":[4],"state":[5],"space":[6],"searches":[7],"are":[8],"often":[9],"conducted":[10],"to":[11,59,84,133],"find":[12,85],"solutions.":[13],"Usually,":[14],"the":[15,22,27,35,61,94,98,113,117,123],"heuristic":[16,43,103],"is":[17,32,37],"derived":[18,115],"from":[19,104],"knowledge":[20,28,106],"of":[21,29,65,93],"domain.":[23],"many":[25],"cases":[26],"a":[30,70,102,138],"domain":[31,36],"limited":[33],"or":[34],"so":[38],"complex":[39],"that":[40],"an":[41,48],"effective":[42],"cannot":[44],"be":[45,57],"formulated.":[46],"As":[47],"alternative,":[49],"machine-learning":[50],"techniques":[51],"neural":[54,99,114,128],"networks":[55],"may":[56],"used":[58],"derive":[60],"heuristic.":[62],"The":[63],"game":[64],"Freecell":[66],"was":[67,109],"selected":[68],"suitable":[71],"benchmark":[72],"domain,":[73],"in":[74,96],"which":[75,97],"\"knowledge":[76,124],"based":[77,107,125],"heuristics\"":[78,81],"and":[79],"\"neural":[80],"were":[82,130],"employed":[83],"solutions":[86],"for":[87],"randomly":[88],"generated":[89],"games.":[90],"An":[91],"amalgamation":[92],"two,":[95],"network":[100],"developed":[101],"several":[105],"heuristics,":[108,116],"also":[110],"used.":[111],"Of":[112],"best-case":[118],"architecture":[119],"did":[120],"not":[121,131],"employ":[122],"heuristics\".":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"heuristics":[129],"able":[132],"improve":[134],"upon":[135],"those":[136],"defined":[137],"priori.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}