{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115590852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","title":"Protecting multimedia authenticity with ICA vaccination of digital bacteria watermarks","display_name":"Protecting multimedia authenticity with ICA vaccination of digital bacteria watermarks","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115590852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","mag":"2115590852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091644560","display_name":"Harold Szu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175003984","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Szu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175003984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050515149","display_name":"Steven Noel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-0702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Noel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Secure Information Systems, George Mason University, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086038992","display_name":"Seong-Bin Yim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Bin Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, George Washington University, Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Department, George Washington University, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110112266","display_name":"Jefferson Willey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Willey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Code 5344, Naval Research Laboratory, Inc., Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043387104","display_name":"Joseph S. Landa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-4027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280581677","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677","https://openalex.org/I1296703163","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Landa","raw_affiliation_strings":["BriarTek, Inc., Alexandria, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BriarTek, Inc., Alexandria, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091644560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175003984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.701914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.6320293545722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6202483177185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.495008647441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40142127871513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3649740219116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2819528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10030537843704224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.6320293545722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6202483177185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.495008647441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40142127871513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3649740219116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2819528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10030537843704224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2003.1223311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.332.7075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.332.7075","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://csis.gmu.edu/noel/pubs/2003_IJCNN.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491220419","https://openalex.org/W1962679864","https://openalex.org/W1971027050","https://openalex.org/W1984882036","https://openalex.org/W1996848818","https://openalex.org/W2019042321","https://openalex.org/W2019360601","https://openalex.org/W2031654571","https://openalex.org/W2031689657","https://openalex.org/W2065064752","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2106069707","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2131182617","https://openalex.org/W2133069808","https://openalex.org/W2161322349","https://openalex.org/W2161647295","https://openalex.org/W2170057365","https://openalex.org/W2409664136","https://openalex.org/W6655041552","https://openalex.org/W6679756777","https://openalex.org/W6714479779","https://openalex.org/W7019966724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481179460","https://openalex.org/W2677328711","https://openalex.org/W2371561408","https://openalex.org/W2330636092","https://openalex.org/W4256481199","https://openalex.org/W2334427655","https://openalex.org/W2355862304","https://openalex.org/W2751389098","https://openalex.org/W3090624837","https://openalex.org/W3131899940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19,87],"propose":[1],"the":[2,24,32,41,44,47,68,74,77,84,117],"application":[3],"of":[4,23,27,34,46,73,119],"independent":[5],"component":[6],"analysis":[7],"(ICA),":[8],"via":[9],"unsupervised":[10],"neural":[11],"networks,":[12],"to":[13,40,108],"authenticity":[14,29,118],"protection":[15],"for":[16,96,115],"multimedia":[17,28,36,69,120],"products.":[18,121],"give":[20],"an":[21],"overview":[22],"current":[25,38],"state":[26],"protection,":[30],"including":[31],"requirements":[33,95],"various":[35],"applications,":[37],"approaches":[39,106],"problem,":[42],"and":[43,112],"robustness":[45],"approaches.":[48],"For":[49],"watermark":[50,75],"security,":[51],"a":[52,60,63,109],"covert":[53],"independent-component":[54],"watermarking":[55],"signal":[56],"can":[57],"serve":[58],"as":[59],"vaccination":[61],"against":[62,83],"dormant":[64],"digital":[65,91],"bacteria":[66,92],"protecting":[67,116],"data.":[70,86],"Unauthorized":[71],"removal":[72],"triggers":[76],"bacterium,":[78],"which":[79],"then":[80],"responds":[81],"appropriately":[82],"pirated":[85],"insure":[88],"that":[89],"our":[90],"meet":[93],"established":[94],"beneficial":[97],"virus-like":[98],"programs.":[99],"Overall,":[100],"we":[101],"show":[102],"how":[103],"these":[104],"new":[105],"contribute":[107],"flexible,":[110],"robust,":[111],"secure":[113],"system":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}