{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133333326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123","title":"VREyeSAM: Virtual Reality Non-Frontal Iris Segmentation using Foundational Model with uncertainty weighted loss","display_name":"VREyeSAM: Virtual Reality Non-Frontal Iris Segmentation using Foundational Model with uncertainty weighted loss","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133333326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127980788","display_name":"Geetanjali Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geetanjali Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127889967","display_name":"Dev Nagaich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dev Nagaich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081558484","display_name":"Gaurav Jaswal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-0160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800034660","display_name":"Central Forensic Science Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/047qvvw08","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800034660"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Jaswal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Forensic Services,Division of Digital Forensics,Shimla,Himachal Pradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Forensic Services,Division of Digital Forensics,Shimla,Himachal Pradesh,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800034660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123241536","display_name":"Aditya Nigam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Nigam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Mandi,Himachal Pradesh,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391891","display_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Gjøvik,Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Gjøvik,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66265852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.7354999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.7354999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.03779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4244000017642975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7445999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.742900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6807000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.3402999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2493502717","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2966523470","https://openalex.org/W2978796584","https://openalex.org/W3017202003","https://openalex.org/W3088369722","https://openalex.org/W3144221682","https://openalex.org/W4230888393","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4392971357","https://openalex.org/W4394598007","https://openalex.org/W4396996869","https://openalex.org/W4404239149","https://openalex.org/W4404312705","https://openalex.org/W4407253521","https://openalex.org/W4410719328","https://openalex.org/W4410719339","https://openalex.org/W4411171705"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advancements":[0],"in":[1],"virtual":[2],"and":[3,20,44,75,129],"head-mounted":[4],"devices":[5],"have":[6],"introduced":[7],"new":[8],"challenges":[9],"for":[10,38,73],"iris":[11,33,69],"biometrics,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"varying":[15],"gaze":[16,46],"directions,":[17],"partial":[18],"occlusions,":[19],"inconsistent":[21],"lighting":[22],"conditions.":[23,102],"To":[24],"address":[25],"these":[26],"obstacles,":[27],"we":[28,79,106],"present":[29],"VREyeSAM,":[30],"a":[31,51,119,130],"robust":[32],"segmentation":[34,138],"framework":[35],"specifically":[36],"designed":[37],"images":[39,70],"captured":[40],"under":[41,99],"both":[42],"steady":[43],"dynamic":[45],"scenarios.":[47],"Our":[48],"pipeline":[49],"includes":[50],"quality-aware":[52],"pre-processing":[53],"module":[54],"that":[55,64,87],"filters":[56],"out":[57],"partially":[58],"or":[59],"fully":[60,67],"closed":[61],"eyes,":[62],"ensuring":[63],"only":[65],"high-quality,":[66],"open":[68],"are":[71],"used":[72],"training":[74],"inference.":[76],"In":[77],"addition,":[78],"introduce":[80],"an":[81],"uncertainty":[82],"weighted":[83],"hybrid":[84],"loss":[85],"function":[86],"adaptively":[88],"balances":[89],"multiple":[90],"learning":[91],"objectives,":[92],"enhancing":[93],"the":[94,97,110],"robustness":[95],"of":[96,121,124,127,133],"model":[98],"diverse":[100],"visual":[101],"Using":[103],"this":[104],"approach,":[105],"evaluate":[107],"VREyeSAM":[108],"on":[109],"VRBiom":[111],"dataset,":[112],"where":[113],"it":[114],"achieves":[115],"state-of-the-art":[116],"performance":[117],"with":[118],"Precision":[120],"0.751,":[122],"Recall":[123],"0.870,":[125],"F1-Score":[126],"0.806,":[128],"mean":[131],"IoU":[132],"0.647,":[134],"significantly":[135],"outperforming":[136],"existing":[137],"methods.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}