{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133355208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079","title":"Investigation of accuracy and bias in face recognition trained with synthetic data","display_name":"Investigation of accuracy and bias in face recognition trained with synthetic data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133355208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024538974","display_name":"Pavel Korshunov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavel Korshunov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076371381","display_name":"Ketan Kotwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-0881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ketan Kotwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056583825","display_name":"Christophe Ecabert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Ecabert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127969676","display_name":"Vidit Amir Mohammadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidit Amir Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126628353","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Marcel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Marcel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute,Martigny,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82148948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8325999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8325999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.13169999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.8439000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.3785000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.8439000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6776999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781170535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587856","display_name":"Noisy data","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019136120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462428","display_name":"Two step","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb65343.2025.11411079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2982232682","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3167584510","https://openalex.org/W4312402191","https://openalex.org/W4386083096","https://openalex.org/W4390692616","https://openalex.org/W4390873484","https://openalex.org/W4392411901","https://openalex.org/W4392411905","https://openalex.org/W4392454913","https://openalex.org/W4394597443","https://openalex.org/W4394862669","https://openalex.org/W4394862675","https://openalex.org/W4402915995","https://openalex.org/W4404024857","https://openalex.org/W4404238918","https://openalex.org/W4404893185","https://openalex.org/W4409917600","https://openalex.org/W4410773832","https://openalex.org/W4413392203","https://openalex.org/W7133250524"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"data":[1,51,134],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5],"promising":[6],"alternative":[7],"for":[8,22,157,182],"training":[9],"face":[10,62],"recognition":[11],"(FR)":[12],"models,":[13],"offering":[14],"advantages":[15],"in":[16,141],"scalability,":[17],"privacy":[18],"compliance,":[19],"and":[20,34,54,74,79,89,99,115,119,166,175],"potential":[21,156],"bias":[23,53,121,158],"mitigation.":[24,159],"However,":[25],"critical":[26],"questions":[27],"remain":[28],"on":[29,52,110,122,144],"whether":[30],"both":[31],"high":[32],"accuracy":[33,174],"fairness":[35],"can":[36],"be":[37],"achieved":[38],"with":[39,82,153],"synthetic":[40,50,98,133,148,188],"data.":[41,189],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,102],"evaluate":[46],"the":[47,69,138,142,164],"impact":[48],"of":[49,56,68,168],"performance":[55,109],"FR":[57,108,120,173,185],"systems.":[58],"We":[59,160],"generate":[60],"balanced":[61,147],"dataset,":[63],"FairFaceGen,":[64],"using":[65,187],"two":[66],"state":[67],"art":[70],"text-to-image":[71],"generators,":[72],"Flux.1-dev":[73],"Stable":[75],"Diffusion":[76],"v3.5":[77],"(SD35),":[78],"combine":[80],"them":[81],"several":[83],"identity":[84,95],"augmentation":[85],"methods,":[86],"including":[87],"Arc2Face":[88],"four":[90],"IP-Adapters.":[91],"By":[92],"maintaining":[93],"equal":[94],"count":[96],"across":[97],"real":[100,139],"datasets,":[101,149],"ensure":[103],"fair":[104],"comparisons":[105],"when":[106],"evaluating":[107],"standard":[111],"(LFW,":[112],"AgeDB-30,":[113],"etc.)":[114],"challenging":[116],"IJB-B/C":[117],"benchmarks":[118],"Racial":[123],"Faces":[124],"in-the-Wild":[125],"(RFW)":[126],"dataset.":[127],"Our":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131,163],"although":[132],"still":[135],"lags":[136],"behind":[137],"datasets":[140],"generalization":[143],"IJB-B/C,":[145],"demographically":[146],"especially":[150],"those":[151],"generated":[152],"SD35,":[154],"show":[155],"also":[161],"observe":[162],"number":[165],"quality":[167],"intra-class":[169],"augmentations":[170],"significantly":[171],"affect":[172],"fairness.":[176],"These":[177],"findings":[178],"provide":[179],"practical":[180],"guidelines":[181],"constructing":[183],"fairer":[184],"systems":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}
