{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392411858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785","title":"FedSIS: Federated Split Learning with Intermediate Representation Sampling for Privacy-preserving Generalized Face Presentation Attack Detection","display_name":"FedSIS: Federated Split Learning with Intermediate Representation Sampling for Privacy-preserving Generalized Face Presentation Attack Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392411858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039663128","display_name":"Naif Alkhunaizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-5034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naif Alkhunaizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067647802","display_name":"Koushik Srivatsan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koushik Srivatsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030695379","display_name":"Faris Almalik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7885-6285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faris Almalik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015102986","display_name":"Ibrahim Almakky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8802-7107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Almakky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059676452","display_name":"Karthik Nandakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Nandakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039663128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67260051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7775338888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.5855918526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5447335243225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5022542476654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.480605810880661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.45690667629241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4146576523780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34947291016578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3489444851875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28838491439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.217329740524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.15830954909324646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7775338888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5855918526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5447335243225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5022542476654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.480605810880661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.45690667629241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4146576523780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34947291016578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3489444851875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28838491439819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.217329740524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.15830954909324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2478454054","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2798453135","https://openalex.org/W2946566846","https://openalex.org/W2952476201","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2964245886","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2990068819","https://openalex.org/W2998163473","https://openalex.org/W2998570087","https://openalex.org/W3005726865","https://openalex.org/W3006377070","https://openalex.org/W3034303554","https://openalex.org/W3034500918","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035436173","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3094861582","https://openalex.org/W3096672325","https://openalex.org/W3108722472","https://openalex.org/W3109432287","https://openalex.org/W3111508288","https://openalex.org/W3116054336","https://openalex.org/W3120118480","https://openalex.org/W3121127014","https://openalex.org/W3132178755","https://openalex.org/W3132882818","https://openalex.org/W3155790529","https://openalex.org/W3159891475","https://openalex.org/W3169044395","https://openalex.org/W3182158470","https://openalex.org/W3191040240","https://openalex.org/W3205638629","https://openalex.org/W3206662929","https://openalex.org/W3211070681","https://openalex.org/W3214419470","https://openalex.org/W4210326097","https://openalex.org/W4221167490","https://openalex.org/W4225678970","https://openalex.org/W4225978071","https://openalex.org/W4226078024","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4285186923","https://openalex.org/W4289147263","https://openalex.org/W4296123052","https://openalex.org/W4306832857","https://openalex.org/W4309951129","https://openalex.org/W4312248123","https://openalex.org/W4312374582","https://openalex.org/W4312836647","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W4319299813","https://openalex.org/W4319300240","https://openalex.org/W4319336399","https://openalex.org/W4382239930","https://openalex.org/W4386076261","https://openalex.org/W4386083106","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6756436328","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6773817997","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6803981037","https://openalex.org/W6845997457","https://openalex.org/W6880940503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387426029","https://openalex.org/W4254162896","https://openalex.org/W4388792380","https://openalex.org/W1477999932","https://openalex.org/W4386731653","https://openalex.org/W2376001620","https://openalex.org/W2925303117","https://openalex.org/W3167529338","https://openalex.org/W4285219045","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lack":[0],"of":[1,10,24,100,149,168,198],"generalization":[2,91,177,230],"to":[3,20,40,61,66,95,110,154,178,221,227],"unseen":[4,111,179],"domains/attacks":[5],"is":[6,130,144,190,201,225],"the":[7,22,97,161],"Achilles":[8],"heel":[9],"most":[11],"face":[12],"presentation":[13],"attack":[14],"detection":[15],"(FacePAD)":[16],"algorithms.":[17],"Existing":[18],"attempts":[19],"enhance":[21],"generalizability":[23],"FacePAD":[25,220],"solutions":[26],"assume":[27],"that":[28,223],"data":[29,46,64,104,163,170,233],"from":[30,47,195],"multiple":[31],"source":[32,49],"domains":[33,50,112],"are":[34,58,87],"available":[35],"with":[36,125],"a":[37,118,138,147,181,199,204],"single":[38],"entity":[39],"enable":[41],"centralized":[42],"training.":[43],"In":[44,115,136],"practice,":[45],"different":[48],"may":[51],"be":[52],"collected":[53],"by":[54],"diverse":[55],"entities,":[56],"who":[57],"often":[59],"unable":[60],"share":[62],"their":[63],"due":[65],"legal":[67],"and":[68,108,151,192],"privacy":[69],"constraints.":[70],"While":[71],"collaborative":[72],"learning":[73,78,124,153],"paradigms":[74],"such":[75],"as":[76],"federated":[77],"(FL)":[79],"can":[80],"overcome":[81],"this":[82,116],"problem,":[83],"standard":[84],"FL":[85,150],"methods":[86],"ill-suited":[88],"for":[89,132,218],"domain":[90,134],"because":[92],"they":[93],"struggle":[94],"surmount":[96],"twin":[98],"challenges":[99],"handling":[101],"non-iid":[102],"client":[103,162],"distributions":[105,164],"during":[106,113],"training":[107],"generalizing":[109],"inference.":[114],"work,":[117],"novel":[119,182],"framework":[120],"called":[121,186],"Federated":[122],"Split":[123],"Intermediate":[126],"representation":[127,188],"Sampling":[128],"(FedSIS)":[129],"introduced":[131],"privacy-preserving":[133],"generalization.":[135],"FedSIS,":[137],"hybrid":[139],"Vision":[140],"Transformer":[141],"(ViT)":[142],"architecture":[143],"learned":[145],"using":[146,203],"combination":[148],"split":[152],"achieve":[155,228],"robustness":[156],"against":[157],"statistical":[158],"heterogeneity":[159],"in":[160],"without":[165,232],"any":[166],"sharing":[167],"raw":[169],"(thereby":[171],"preserving":[172],"privacy).":[173],"To":[174],"further":[175],"improve":[176],"domains,":[180],"feature":[183],"augmentation":[184],"strategy":[185],"intermediate":[187,196],"sampling":[189],"employed,":[191],"discriminative":[193],"information":[194],"blocks":[197],"ViT":[200],"distilled":[202],"shared":[205],"adapter":[206],"network.":[207],"The":[208],"FedSIS":[209],"approach":[210],"has":[211],"been":[212],"evaluated":[213],"on":[214],"two":[215],"well-known":[216],"benchmarks":[217],"cross-domain":[219],"demonstrate":[222],"it":[224],"possible":[226],"state-of-the-art":[229],"performance":[231],"sharing.":[234],"Code:":[235],"https://github.com/Naiftt/FedSIS":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}