{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392411951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704","title":"Sound-Print: Generalised Face Presentation Attack Detection using Deep Representation of Sound Echoes","display_name":"Sound-Print: Generalised Face Presentation Attack Detection using Deep Representation of Sound Echoes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392411951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073391891","display_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-3956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raghavendra Ramachandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Norway","Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073772513","display_name":"Jag Mohan Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jag Mohan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Norway","Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075226614","display_name":"Sushma Venkatesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-0314"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushma Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["AiBA AS,Norway","AiBA AS, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AiBA AS,Norway","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AiBA AS, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073391891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56145699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.8253911733627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.6958951354026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6252446174621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6082770824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5487924814224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40221554040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.40101760625839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38647714257240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05680254101753235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.8253911733627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6958951354026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6252446174621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6082770824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5487924814224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40221554040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.40101760625839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38647714257240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05680254101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb57857.2023.10448704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080271204","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2898050070","https://openalex.org/W2944905723","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963172626","https://openalex.org/W2994621558","https://openalex.org/W3005973417","https://openalex.org/W3045209015","https://openalex.org/W3119994608","https://openalex.org/W3133518153","https://openalex.org/W3138196357","https://openalex.org/W3174133171","https://openalex.org/W4214851077","https://openalex.org/W4293370654","https://openalex.org/W4306832857","https://openalex.org/W4312836647","https://openalex.org/W4390692050","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6797809292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387426029","https://openalex.org/W4254162896","https://openalex.org/W4388792380","https://openalex.org/W1477999932","https://openalex.org/W4386731653","https://openalex.org/W2376001620","https://openalex.org/W2925303117","https://openalex.org/W3167529338","https://openalex.org/W4285219045","https://openalex.org/W2072343831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"biometrics":[1],"are":[2,56,87,151,168],"widely":[3],"deployed":[4],"in":[5,16,83],"smartphone-based":[6,23],"applications":[7,21],"because":[8],"of":[9,22,61,94,145,159,190,207],"their":[10],"usability":[11],"and":[12,121,137,149,163,186,197],"increased":[13,28],"verification":[14],"accuracy":[15],"unconstrained":[17],"scenarios.":[18],"The":[19,127,142,201],"evolving":[20],"facial":[24],"recognition":[25],"have":[26],"also":[27],"Presentation":[29,38,76],"Attacks":[30],"(PAs),":[31],"where":[32],"an":[33,72],"attacker":[34],"can":[35],"present":[36,71],"a":[37,81,100],"Attack":[39,77],"Instrument":[40],"(PAI)":[41],"to":[42,46,53,112,133,154],"maliciously":[43],"gain":[44],"access":[45],"the":[47,50,59,85,91,95,106,114,119,123,146,155,160,171,205,208],"application.":[48],"Because":[49],"materials":[51],"used":[52],"generate":[54],"PAI":[55],"not":[57],"deterministic,":[58],"detection":[60],"unknown":[62,213],"presentation":[63,215],"attacks":[64],"is":[65],"challenging.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"acoustic":[73],"echo-based":[74],"face":[75,214],"Detection":[78],"(PAD)":[79],"on":[80,90,105],"smartphone":[82],"which":[84],"PAs":[86,150],"detected":[88],"based":[89,104],"reflection":[92,140,143,157],"profiles":[93,144],"transmitted":[96],"signal.":[97],"We":[98],"propose":[99],"novel":[101],"transmission":[102],"signal":[103,120,129],"wide":[107],"pulse":[108],"that":[109],"allows":[110],"us":[111],"model":[113],"background":[115,135],"noise":[116,136],"before":[117],"transmitting":[118],"increase":[122],"Signal-to-Noise":[124],"Ratio":[125],"(SNR).":[126],"received":[128],"reflections":[130],"were":[131],"processed":[132],"remove":[134],"accurately":[138],"represent":[139],"characteristics.":[141],"bona":[147,184],"fide":[148,185],"different":[152,156,188],"owing":[153],"characteristics":[158],"human":[161],"skin":[162],"artefact":[164],"materials.":[165],"Extensive":[166],"experiments":[167],"presented":[169],"using":[170],"newly":[172],"collected":[173],"Acoustic":[174],"Sound":[175],"Echo":[176],"Dataset":[177],"(ASED)":[178],"with":[179],"4807":[180],"samples":[181],"captured":[182],"from":[183],"four":[187],"types":[189],"PAIs,":[191],"including":[192],"print":[193],"(two":[194],"types),":[195],"display,":[196],"silicone":[198],"face-mask":[199],"attacks.":[200,216],"obtained":[202],"results":[203],"indicate":[204],"robustness":[206],"proposed":[209],"method":[210],"for":[211],"detecting":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
