{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316925068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994","title":"A Systematic Analysis of External Factors Affecting Gait Identification","display_name":"A Systematic Analysis of External Factors Affecting Gait Identification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316925068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022662383","display_name":"Alia Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alia Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073419967","display_name":"Nick Wittig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-1012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Wittig","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066229665","display_name":"Uwe Gruenefeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe Gruenefeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328962","display_name":"Stefan Schneega\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schneegass","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen,Essen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50912948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7790499925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.7767772674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7410826683044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.7120949625968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7112956047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6900002360343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.6052612066268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48581504821777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42210423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3244485855102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3075162172317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07474097609519958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7790499925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.7767772674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7410826683044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.7120949625968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7112956047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6900002360343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.6052612066268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48581504821777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42210423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3244485855102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3075162172317505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07474097609519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliographie.ub.uni-due.de:ubo_mods_00198745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCB54206.2022.10007994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055102","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliographie, Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179861874","https://openalex.org/W1493448952","https://openalex.org/W1610824330","https://openalex.org/W1840637580","https://openalex.org/W1964814818","https://openalex.org/W1992020065","https://openalex.org/W2006976778","https://openalex.org/W2041382317","https://openalex.org/W2045011071","https://openalex.org/W2051071129","https://openalex.org/W2065836500","https://openalex.org/W2098759416","https://openalex.org/W2104335344","https://openalex.org/W2118070810","https://openalex.org/W2136928336","https://openalex.org/W2137604415","https://openalex.org/W2149536289","https://openalex.org/W2199929556","https://openalex.org/W2292833244","https://openalex.org/W2553439938","https://openalex.org/W2767040310","https://openalex.org/W2789834341","https://openalex.org/W2896515397","https://openalex.org/W2900022802","https://openalex.org/W2971612532","https://openalex.org/W2980102731","https://openalex.org/W2980779265","https://openalex.org/W3014370958","https://openalex.org/W3017650569","https://openalex.org/W3081963645","https://openalex.org/W3104966193","https://openalex.org/W3126566816","https://openalex.org/W3203712980","https://openalex.org/W4205268692","https://openalex.org/W4242615048","https://openalex.org/W6604587555","https://openalex.org/W6637743744","https://openalex.org/W6660905649","https://openalex.org/W6675575696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185413894","https://openalex.org/W1905194803","https://openalex.org/W2137411393","https://openalex.org/W1923394858","https://openalex.org/W2133973503","https://openalex.org/W2471060339","https://openalex.org/W2148547327","https://openalex.org/W4226236273","https://openalex.org/W2125892956","https://openalex.org/W2130975749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inertial":[0],"sensors":[1],"integrated":[2],"into":[3],"smartphones":[4],"provide":[5,37],"a":[6,40,58,101,122],"unique":[7],"opportunity":[8],"for":[9,107],"implicitly":[10],"identifying":[11],"users":[12],"through":[13],"their":[14],"gait.":[15],"However,":[16],"researchers":[17],"identified":[18],"different":[19,87],"external":[20,44,88],"factors":[21,45,89],"influencing":[22,46],"the":[23,75,111,135],"user's":[24],"gait":[25,76,125],"and":[26,68,82,92,109,116,155],"consequently":[27],"impact":[28,138],"gait-based":[29],"user":[30],"identification":[31,47,105],"algorithms.":[32],"While":[33],"these":[34,70],"previous":[35],"studies":[36],"important":[38],"insights,":[39],"holistic":[41],"comparison":[42],"of":[43,77,124],"algorithms":[48],"is":[49],"still":[50],"missing.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"explorative":[54],"work,":[55],"we":[56,73],"conducted":[57],"focus":[59],"group":[60],"with":[61],"participants":[62,79],"from":[63],"biometrics":[64],"research":[65],"to":[66],"collect":[67],"classify":[69],"factors.":[71],"Next,":[72],"recorded":[74],"12":[78],"walking":[80],"regularly":[81],"being":[83],"influenced":[84],"by":[85],"eleven":[86],"(e.g.,":[90],"shoes":[91],"floor":[93],"types)":[94],"in":[95],"two":[96],"separate":[97],"sessions.":[98],"We":[99,120],"used":[100],"Deep":[102],"Learning":[103],"(DL)":[104],"algorithm":[106],"analysis":[108,112,144],"validated":[110],"results":[113,151],"using":[114],"within-":[115],"between-":[117],"sessions":[118],"data.":[119],"propose":[121],"categorization":[123],"covariates":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128,139],"users'":[129],"control":[130],"levels.":[131],"Floor":[132],"types":[133],"have":[134],"most":[136],"significant":[137],"recognition":[140],"accuracy.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"between-session":[143],"shows":[145],"less":[146],"accurate":[147],"yet":[148],"more":[149],"robust":[150],"than":[152],"within-session":[153],"validation":[154],"testing.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}