{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320063407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961","title":"SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Data","display_name":"SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320063407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028035125","display_name":"Fadi Boutros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-9128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Boutros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902943","display_name":"Marco Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062220538","display_name":"Patrick Siebke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2732-5049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Siebke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082566861","display_name":"Tim Rieber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Rieber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059766088","display_name":"Naser Damer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naser Damer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028035125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98661065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8428722620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.70762038230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6509280800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6292142868041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6064244508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5101082921028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-recognition-grand-challenge","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","score":0.48994749784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4766410291194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42146509885787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3746287226676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.2258913815021515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8428722620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.70762038230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6509280800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6292142868041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6064244508743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5101082921028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.48994749784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4766410291194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42146509885787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3746287226676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.2258913815021515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/435481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/435481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:136719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/136719/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2116025923","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2511791013","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2752828042","https://openalex.org/W2787579267","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963671154","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W3011158259","https://openalex.org/W3034720584","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3041938240","https://openalex.org/W3081100343","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3109973352","https://openalex.org/W3127721574","https://openalex.org/W3175551809","https://openalex.org/W3176321665","https://openalex.org/W3179610792","https://openalex.org/W3185801335","https://openalex.org/W3195877590","https://openalex.org/W3199528201","https://openalex.org/W3217228024","https://openalex.org/W4210583005","https://openalex.org/W4214588288","https://openalex.org/W4255574744","https://openalex.org/W4292828935","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4313011785","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6744072679","https://openalex.org/W6748655329","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6779093361","https://openalex.org/W6799125214","https://openalex.org/W6800599578","https://openalex.org/W6810238770","https://openalex.org/W6838652219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127800163","https://openalex.org/W2733844492","https://openalex.org/W2160958403","https://openalex.org/W3174021582","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W3044338123","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W1605644108","https://openalex.org/W1581072721","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"deep":[1,21],"face":[2,64,68,85,101,159,192,209,238],"recognition":[3,69,102,160,210],"models":[4],"proposed":[5],"in":[6,147],"the":[7,56,91,110,114,118,125,137,143,148,196,228,236],"literature":[8],"utilized":[9],"large-scale":[10],"public":[11],"datasets":[12],"such":[13,96],"as":[14],"MS-Celeb-1M":[15,36],"and":[16,37,45,54,117,176,182,225,235],"VGGFace2":[17],"for":[18,207,213],"training":[19,208,233],"very":[20],"neural":[22],"networks,":[23],"achieving":[24],"state-of-the-art":[25],"performance":[26],"on":[27,109,161,189,220],"mainstream":[28],"benchmarks.":[29],"Recently,":[30],"many":[31],"of":[32,58,94,136,179,218],"these":[33],"datasets,":[34],"e.g.,":[35],"VGGFace2,":[38],"are":[39,241],"retracted":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,52,66,81,98,123,140,157,204],"credible":[43],"privacy":[44,92],"ethical":[46],"concerns.":[47],"This":[48],"motivates":[49],"this":[50,72],"work":[51],"propose":[53,156],"investigate":[55],"feasibility":[57],"using":[59,95,166,222,227],"a":[60,76,100,201,215],"privacy-friendly":[61,163,197],"synthetically":[62],"generated":[63],"dataset":[65,116,121,139,150,199,240],"train":[67,99,124,158],"models.":[70],"Towards":[71],"end,":[73],"we":[74,104],"utilize":[75],"class-conditional":[77],"generative":[78,126],"adversarial":[79],"network":[80],"generate":[82],"class-labeled":[83],"synthetic":[84,115,149,198,237],"images,":[86],"namely":[87],"SFace.":[88],"To":[89],"address":[90],"aspect":[93],"data":[97],"model,":[103],"provide":[105],"extensive":[106],"evaluation":[107,130,187],"experiments":[108],"identity":[111,135],"relation":[112],"between":[113],"original":[119],"authentic":[120,138,191],"used":[122,206],"model.":[127],"Our":[128],"reported":[129,186],"proved":[131],"that":[132,195],"associating":[133],"an":[134],"one":[141],"with":[142],"same":[144],"class":[145],"label":[146],"is":[151],"hardly":[152],"possible.":[153],"We":[154],"also":[155],"our":[162],"dataset,":[164],"SFace,":[165],"three":[167],"different":[168],"learning":[169,178,230],"strategies,":[170],"multi-class":[171,180,223],"classification,":[172],"label-free":[173],"knowledge":[174,183],"transfer,":[175],"combined":[177,229],"classification":[181,224],"transfer.":[184],"The":[185,232],"results":[188],"five":[190],"benchmarks":[193],"demonstrated":[194],"has":[200],"high":[202],"potential":[203],"be":[205],"models,":[211],"achieving,":[212],"example,":[214],"verification":[216],"accuracy":[217],"91.87%":[219],"LFW":[221],"99.13%":[226],"strategy.":[231],"code":[234],"image":[239],"publicly":[242],"released":[243],"<sup":[244,247],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[245,248],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[246,249],"https://github.com/fdbtrs/SFace-Privacy-friendly-and-Accurate-Face-Recognition-using-Synthetic-Data.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}