{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316925024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946","title":"PatchSwap: Boosting the Generalizability of Face Presentation Attack Detection by Identity-aware Patch Swapping","display_name":"PatchSwap: Boosting the Generalizability of Face Presentation Attack Detection by Identity-aware Patch Swapping","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316925024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001243903","display_name":"Meiling Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiling Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101961147","display_name":"Hamza Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt,Department of Computer Science,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt,Department of Computer Science,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046597105","display_name":"Arjan Kuijper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-0061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjan Kuijper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082678041","display_name":"Naser Damer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naser Damer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68514276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8147804737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6969208121299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.664771556854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6033536195755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5599497556686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5298925042152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49563825130462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.472257524728775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4666236639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4549840986728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45469748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.430597186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-patterns","display_name":"Attack patterns","score":0.4199727177619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4184826910495758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3114657402038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.14624637365341187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8147804737091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6969208121299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.664771556854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6033536195755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5599497556686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5298925042152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49563825130462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.472257524728775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4666236639022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4549840986728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45469748973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.430597186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780741293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818019","display_name":"Attack patterns","level":3,"score":0.4199727177619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4184826910495758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3114657402038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.14624637365341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb54206.2022.10007946","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/435321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/435321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:136718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/136718/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96659543","https://openalex.org/W1559788806","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2058983224","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2118392996","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2613361175","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2776778982","https://openalex.org/W2798658180","https://openalex.org/W2900900626","https://openalex.org/W2952476201","https://openalex.org/W2956066883","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2981685844","https://openalex.org/W2998163473","https://openalex.org/W3005973417","https://openalex.org/W3015470780","https://openalex.org/W3035116217","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3044238852","https://openalex.org/W3092393585","https://openalex.org/W3094861582","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3138196357","https://openalex.org/W3166166117","https://openalex.org/W3184496730","https://openalex.org/W3185801335","https://openalex.org/W3188354902","https://openalex.org/W3194081779","https://openalex.org/W3194584009","https://openalex.org/W3199528201","https://openalex.org/W3199885658","https://openalex.org/W3202789298","https://openalex.org/W3208437533","https://openalex.org/W3211224638","https://openalex.org/W4225857838","https://openalex.org/W4292828935","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6756773722","https://openalex.org/W6767019538","https://openalex.org/W6781431555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W3012240659","https://openalex.org/W4385801570","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W4386875801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"presentation":[1],"attack":[2,10,57],"detection":[3,20],"(PAD)":[4],"is":[5,87],"essential":[6],"in":[7,12,115,144],"mitigating":[8],"spoofing":[9],"vulnerabilities":[11],"face":[13],"recognition":[14],"systems.":[15],"Despite":[16],"the":[17,138,145],"relatively":[18],"good":[19],"performance":[21,147],"of":[22],"PADs":[23],"on":[24,128],"known":[25],"attacks,":[26],"they":[27],"tend":[28],"to":[29],"be":[30,95],"challenged":[31],"by":[32,66],"unknown":[33],"samples.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"this":[37],"issue,":[38],"we":[39],"present":[40],"our":[41,107],"PatchSwap":[42,64,86,108,139],"approach":[43],"that":[44,137],"aims":[45],"at":[46],"creating":[47],"more":[48],"challenging":[49],"and":[50,55,73,93,113,124,127],"complex":[51],"bona":[52],"fide,":[53],"attack,":[54],"partial":[56],"samples":[58,72],"despite":[59],"limited":[60],"training":[61,71,101],"resources.":[62],"The":[63,85,103,133],"operates":[65],"swapping":[67],"intra-identity":[68],"patches":[69],"between":[70],"correspondingly":[74],"updates":[75],"their":[76],"pixel-wise":[77],"mask":[78],"label,":[79],"all":[80],"under":[81,122,148],"a":[82],"controlled":[83],"strategy.":[84],"deployed":[88],"as":[89],"an":[90],"augmentation":[91],"technique":[92],"can":[94],"effortlessly":[96],"integrated":[97],"into":[98],"any":[99],"model":[100],"process.":[102],"different":[104,130,149],"choices":[105],"towards":[106],"design":[109],"are":[110],"exhaustively":[111],"investigated":[112],"proven":[114],"detailed":[116],"studies.":[117],"We":[118],"conduct":[119],"extensive":[120],"experiments":[121],"intra-dataset":[123],"cross-dataset":[125],"scenarios":[126],"three":[129],"network":[131],"backbones.":[132],"experimental":[134],"results":[135],"showed":[136],"successfully":[140],"induces":[141],"significant":[142],"gains":[143],"PAD":[146],"evaluation":[150],"settings.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
