{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195656755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","title":"Structure Destruction and Content Combination for Face Anti-Spoofing","display_name":"Structure Destruction and Content Combination for Face Anti-Spoofing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195656755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","mag":"3195656755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103277929","display_name":"Ke-Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke-Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033773467","display_name":"Taiping Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiping Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042342029","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-9192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038105548","display_name":"Shice Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-7667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shice Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110764613","display_name":"Bangjie Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-943X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangjie Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086397952","display_name":"Shouhong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-3553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouhong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101540189","display_name":"Jilin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Youtu Lab, Tencent, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103277929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97775524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8222424983978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6150826215744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6144057512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5960157513618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5584617257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5206262469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.49261003732681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.48343050479888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47111061215400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4571859538555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37068378925323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35648036003112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33636385202407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08355507254600525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8222424983978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6150826215744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6144057512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5960157513618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5584617257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5206262469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.49261003732681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.48343050479888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47111061215400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4571859538555145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37068378925323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35648036003112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33636385202407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08355507254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1770095230","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2042883034","https://openalex.org/W2095252718","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2418633638","https://openalex.org/W2510926985","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2787613668","https://openalex.org/W2798966709","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2969289739","https://openalex.org/W2990068819","https://openalex.org/W2998163473","https://openalex.org/W2998570087","https://openalex.org/W3034594921","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3067845078","https://openalex.org/W3108722472","https://openalex.org/W3109432287","https://openalex.org/W3116054336","https://openalex.org/W3138196357","https://openalex.org/W3159891475","https://openalex.org/W3176897915","https://openalex.org/W3188354902","https://openalex.org/W3191040240","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6797669914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W4401097268","https://openalex.org/W4391805690","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2965546495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,80],"pursuit":[1],"of":[2,30,68,160],"consolidating":[3],"the":[4,13,28,36,57,69,111,139,158,164],"face":[5,9],"verification":[6],"systems,":[7],"prior":[8],"anti-spoofing":[10],"studies":[11],"excavate":[12],"hidden":[14],"cues":[15],"in":[16,41,49,56],"original":[17],"images":[18,102],"to":[19,64,76,92,105,137,156],"discriminate":[20],"real":[21],"person":[22],"and":[23,73,88,152],"diverse":[24],"attack":[25],"types":[26],"with":[27],"assistance":[29],"auxiliary":[31],"supervision.":[32],"However,":[33],"limited":[34],"by":[35],"following":[37],"two":[38,95],"inherent":[39],"disturbances":[40],"their":[42],"training":[43,71],"process:":[44],"1)":[45],"Complete":[46],"facial":[47],"structure":[48],"a":[50,107,122],"single":[51],"image.":[52],"2)":[53],"Implicit":[54],"subdomains":[55,118],"whole":[58],"dataset,":[59],"these":[60,94],"methods":[61],"are":[62],"prone":[63],"stick":[65],"on":[66,126,148],"memorization":[67],"entire":[70],"dataset":[72],"show":[74],"sensitivity":[75],"non-homologous":[77],"domain":[78],"distribution.":[79],"this":[81,127],"paper,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"Structure":[85],"Destruction":[86],"Module":[87,91,133],"Content":[89],"Combination":[90],"address":[93],"limitations":[96],"separately.":[97],"The":[98],"former":[99],"mechanism":[100,113],"destroys":[101],"into":[103,121],"patches":[104,115],"construct":[106],"non-structural":[108],"input,":[109],"while":[110],"latter":[112],"recombines":[114],"from":[116],"different":[117],"or":[119],"classes":[120],"mixup":[123],"construct.":[124],"Based":[125],"splitting-and-splicing":[128],"operation,":[129],"Local":[130],"Relation":[131],"Modeling":[132],"is":[134],"further":[135],"proposed":[136],"model":[138],"second-order":[140],"relationship":[141],"between":[142],"patches.":[143],"We":[144],"evaluate":[145],"our":[146,161],"method":[147,162],"extensive":[149],"public":[150],"datasets":[151],"promising":[153],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[157],"reliability":[159],"against":[163],"state-of-the-art":[165],"competitors.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}