{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183760947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","title":"CAS-AIR-3D Face: A Low-Quality, Multi-Modal and Multi-Pose 3D Face Database","display_name":"CAS-AIR-3D Face: A Low-Quality, Multi-Modal and Multi-Pose 3D Face Database","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183760947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","mag":"3183760947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108616991","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7905-2860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, CASIA, Beijing, China","National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063228407","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2557-5877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research, CAS, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, China","Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, CASIA, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research, CAS, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100683352","display_name":"Weining Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-6431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weining Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, CASIA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055478558","display_name":"Caifeng Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caifeng Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Research, CAS, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, China","Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research, CAS, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108616991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64493464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8190749883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7019826769828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6571356654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.6164270043373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5570999383926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5406190752983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5238972902297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.49442005157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.46635639667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.44282662868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4258008599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.42397361993789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.41671666502952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.2048548460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14726340770721436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8190749883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7019826769828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6571356654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.6164270043373108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5570999383926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5406190752983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5238972902297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.49442005157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.46635639667510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.44282662868499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4258008599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.42397361993789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.41671666502952576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.2048548460006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14726340770721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb52358.2021.9484332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112616217","https://openalex.org/W1549358575","https://openalex.org/W1583189969","https://openalex.org/W1814840193","https://openalex.org/W1840441899","https://openalex.org/W1995884877","https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W2017107803","https://openalex.org/W2029230120","https://openalex.org/W2070870580","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2108469260","https://openalex.org/W2109741874","https://openalex.org/W2117072267","https://openalex.org/W2125320497","https://openalex.org/W2137306662","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2512660057","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2820458630","https://openalex.org/W2915352401","https://openalex.org/W2943235166","https://openalex.org/W2953513570","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963644257","https://openalex.org/W2963865528","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2999831383","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W4288558691","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6604521201","https://openalex.org/W6632978964","https://openalex.org/W6638835731","https://openalex.org/W6654799313","https://openalex.org/W6677495702","https://openalex.org/W6680591342","https://openalex.org/W6725321777","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6759845760","https://openalex.org/W6761937618","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6766047865","https://openalex.org/W6772765328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206923589","https://openalex.org/W3014491775","https://openalex.org/W2145462227","https://openalex.org/W74006108","https://openalex.org/W4360994936","https://openalex.org/W3034828634","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4200005109","https://openalex.org/W2740726493","https://openalex.org/W2940708481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Benefiting":[0],"from":[1,32,101],"deep":[2],"learning":[3],"with":[4,200],"large":[5],"scale":[6],"face":[7,10,33,39,53,63,79,95,144,165],"databases,":[8],"2D":[9,52],"recognition":[11,40,64,80],"has":[12],"made":[13],"significant":[14],"progress":[15],"in":[16,124,146,182],"recent":[17],"years.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20],"still":[21],"highly":[22],"depends":[23],"on":[24,208],"lighting":[25],"conditions":[26],"and":[27,30,118,121,128,153,168,195],"human":[28],"poses,":[29],"suffers":[31],"spoofing":[34],"problem.":[35],"In":[36,82],"contrast,":[37],"3D":[38,62,78,94,143],"reveals":[41],"a":[42,68,87,163],"new":[43,88],"path":[44],"that":[45],"can":[46,72],"overcome":[47],"the":[48,57,132,140,149,154,160,179,183],"previous":[49],"limitations":[50],"of":[51,56,134,148,151],"recognition.":[54,96],"One":[55],"most":[58],"important":[59],"problems":[60],"for":[61,92,192],"is":[65,105,122,139,175,190],"to":[66,75,177,204],"construct":[67],"suitable":[69],"database,":[70,89],"which":[71,104],"be":[73],"exploited":[74],"train":[76],"different":[77,201,206],"algorithms.":[81],"this":[83,209],"work,":[84],"we":[85,158],"propose":[86],"CAS-AIR-3D":[90,137],"Face,":[91],"low-quality":[93,142],"It":[97],"includes":[98],"24713":[99],"videos":[100],"3093":[102],"individuals,":[103],"captured":[106],"by":[107],"Intel":[108],"RealSense":[109],"SR305.":[110],"The":[111],"database":[112,145],"contains":[113],"three":[114],"modalities:":[115],"color,":[116],"depth":[117,184],"near":[119],"infrared,":[120],"rich":[123],"pose,":[125],"expression,":[126],"occlusion":[127],"distance":[129],"variations.":[130,156],"To":[131],"best":[133],"our":[135],"konwledge,":[136],"Face":[138],"largest":[141],"terms":[147],"number":[150],"individuals":[152],"sample":[155],"Moreover,":[157],"preprocess":[159],"data":[161],"via":[162],"sophisticated":[164],"alignment":[166],"method,":[167],"Point":[169],"Cloud":[170],"Spherical":[171],"Cropping":[172],"Method":[173],"(SCM)":[174],"leveraged":[176],"remove":[178],"background":[180],"noise":[181],"images.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"an":[187],"evaluation":[188],"protocol":[189],"designed":[191],"fair":[193],"comparison,":[194],"extensive":[196],"experiments":[197],"are":[198],"conducted":[199],"backbone":[202],"networks":[203],"provide":[205],"baselines":[207],"database.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}