{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041569550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","title":"Anomaly Detection-Based Unknown Face Presentation Attack Detection","display_name":"Anomaly Detection-Based Unknown Face Presentation Attack Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041569550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","mag":"3041569550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.05856","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031679964","display_name":"Yashasvi Baweja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yashasvi Baweja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062459443","display_name":"Poojan Oza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poojan Oza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034085630","display_name":"Pramuditha Perera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramuditha Perera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004716468","display_name":"Vishal M. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal M. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031679964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53586086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8169068694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5927020311355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5925517082214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5838657021522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5006866455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.46995165944099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.45987147092819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4230329394340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33766496181488037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8169068694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5927020311355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5925517082214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5838657021522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5006866455078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.46995165944099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.45987147092819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4320332109928131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4230329394340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33766496181488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304935","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.05856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.05856","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.05856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.05856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.05856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3041569550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.05856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.05856","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.05856","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1607716552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1801435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4053354877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1801435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041569550.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041569550.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118835214","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2163744678","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2526075485","https://openalex.org/W2551249768","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2738874969","https://openalex.org/W2778540638","https://openalex.org/W2783748519","https://openalex.org/W2787613668","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2883888092","https://openalex.org/W2894833919","https://openalex.org/W2905867642","https://openalex.org/W2920322257","https://openalex.org/W2935783436","https://openalex.org/W2940887512","https://openalex.org/W2941396125","https://openalex.org/W2946566846","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2982519139","https://openalex.org/W3005579832","https://openalex.org/W3035224069","https://openalex.org/W3098887597","https://openalex.org/W3099271666","https://openalex.org/W3106257921","https://openalex.org/W3106581848","https://openalex.org/W4241948780","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6755227064","https://openalex.org/W6759768844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781036271","https://openalex.org/W2898780854","https://openalex.org/W2366654125","https://openalex.org/W3202908052","https://openalex.org/W3156885949","https://openalex.org/W2997442262","https://openalex.org/W3164837107","https://openalex.org/W2738336658","https://openalex.org/W2910421740","https://openalex.org/W3176551042","https://openalex.org/W2997867965","https://openalex.org/W3021740526","https://openalex.org/W2363460444","https://openalex.org/W3083081277","https://openalex.org/W2978971541","https://openalex.org/W3179719546","https://openalex.org/W3135442688","https://openalex.org/W3093664513","https://openalex.org/W2986537531","https://openalex.org/W3084562990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection-based":[1,54],"spoof":[2,17,55],"attack":[3,42,56],"detection":[4,57],"is":[5,19,85,93,166],"a":[6,16,49,71,88,96],"recent":[7],"development":[8],"in":[9,76,133,151],"face":[10],"Presentation":[11],"Attack":[12],"Detection":[13],"(fPAD),":[14],"where":[15,58],"detector":[18],"learned":[20,65],"using":[21,87],"only":[22],"non-attacked":[23],"images":[24],"of":[25,30,79,121,157],"users.":[26],"These":[27],"detectors":[28],"are":[29,35,64],"practical":[31],"importance":[32],"as":[33,131],"they":[34],"shown":[36,132],"to":[37,40,106,153],"generalize":[38],"well":[39],"new":[41],"types.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,69,101],"present":[48],"deep-learning":[50],"solution":[51],"for":[52,128],"anomaly":[53],"both":[59],"classifier":[60],"and":[61,124,149],"feature":[62],"representations":[63],"together":[66],"end-to-end.":[67],"First,":[68],"introduce":[70],"pseudo-negative":[72,83],"class":[73,84],"during":[74],"training":[75,110],"the":[77,109,117,122,155,158,162],"absence":[78],"attacked":[80],"images.":[81],"The":[82,112],"modeled":[86],"Gaussian":[89],"distribution":[90],"whose":[91],"mean":[92],"calculated":[94],"by":[95],"weighted":[97],"running":[98],"mean.":[99],"Secondly,":[100],"use":[102],"pairwise":[103],"confusion":[104],"loss":[105],"further":[107],"regularize":[108],"process.":[111],"proposed":[113,159],"approach":[114,160],"benefits":[115],"from":[116],"representation":[118],"learning":[119],"power":[120],"CNNs":[123],"learns":[125],"better":[126],"features":[127],"fPAD":[129],"task":[130],"our":[134],"ablation":[135],"study.":[136],"We":[137],"perform":[138],"extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"on":[141],"four":[142],"publicly":[143],"available":[144,167],"datasets:":[145],"Replay-Attack,":[146],"Rose-Youtu,":[147],"OULU-NPU":[148],"Spoof":[150],"Wild":[152],"show":[154],"effectiveness":[156],"over":[161],"previous":[163],"methods.":[164],"Code":[165],"at:":[168],"https://github.com/yashasvi97/IJCB2020_anomaly.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}