{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120542019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","title":"Face Recognition Oak Ridge (FaRO): A Framework for Distributed and Scalable Biometrics Applications","display_name":"Face Recognition Oak Ridge (FaRO): A Framework for Distributed and Scalable Biometrics Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120542019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","mag":"3120542019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763493","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107233610","display_name":"David S. Bolme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David S. Bolme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038625620","display_name":"Nisha Srinivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisha Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041227417","display_name":"Joel Brogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2069-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Brogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086709120","display_name":"David Cornett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-0860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Cornett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107233610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52622744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7740455865859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.7070053815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5833317637443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5762632489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5174298882484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5109311938285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.4883238971233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.47409021854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.46494168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.408041775226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2861974835395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.282054603099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14448487758636475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7740455865859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.7070053815841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5833317637443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5762632489204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5174298882484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5109311938285828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.4883238971233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.47409021854400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.46494168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.408041775226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2861974835395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.282054603099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14448487758636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304933","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1763493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1763493","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1763493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1763493","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1763493","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332382","display_name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337513","display_name":"Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists","ror":"https://ror.org/05msy3529"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120542019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120542019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1899098437","https://openalex.org/W1949778830","https://openalex.org/W2041075748","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2143486266","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2736633948","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2871667416","https://openalex.org/W2943235166","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2964095005","https://openalex.org/W3214973774","https://openalex.org/W4254822622","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6761937618","https://openalex.org/W6804022625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W1584537303","https://openalex.org/W1872724644","https://openalex.org/W2750549761","https://openalex.org/W4388155270","https://openalex.org/W28826848","https://openalex.org/W2122272819","https://openalex.org/W4367156293","https://openalex.org/W2130894091","https://openalex.org/W2994151208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"facial":[1,11,22,99],"biometrics":[2],"community":[3],"has":[4],"seen":[5],"a":[6,39,92,103],"recent":[7],"abundance":[8],"of":[9,46,52,110,127],"high-accuracy":[10],"analytic":[12,100],"models":[13,53,73,101],"become":[14],"freely":[15],"available.":[16],"Although":[17],"these":[18],"models'":[19],"capabilities":[20],"in":[21,38,156],"detection,":[23,25],"landmark":[24],"attribute":[26],"analysis,":[27],"and":[28,62,121,129,141,149,159],"recognition":[29],"are":[30],"ever-increasing,":[31],"they":[32],"aren't":[33],"always":[34],"straightforward":[35],"to":[36,70,90],"deploy":[37],"real-world":[40],"environment.":[41],"In":[42],"reality,":[43],"the":[44,47,111],"use":[45],"field's":[48],"ever":[49],"growing":[50],"collection":[51],"is":[54,85],"becoming":[55],"exceedingly":[56],"difficult":[57],"as":[58],"library":[59],"dependencies":[60],"update":[61],"deprecate.":[63],"Researchers":[64],"often":[65],"encounter":[66],"headaches":[67],"when":[68],"attempting":[69],"utilize":[71],"multiple":[72],"requiring":[74],"different":[75],"or":[76],"conflicting":[77],"software":[78,142],"packages.":[79],"Face":[80],"Recognition":[81],"Oak":[82],"Ridge":[83],"(FaRO)":[84],"an":[86],"open-source":[87],"project":[88],"designed":[89],"provide":[91],"highly":[93],"modular,":[94],"flexible":[95,122],"framework":[96],"for":[97],"unifying":[98],"through":[102,162],"compartmentalized":[104],"plug-and-play":[105],"paradigm":[106],"built":[107],"on":[108],"top":[109],"gRPC":[112],"(Google":[113],"Remote":[114],"Procedure":[115],"Call)":[116],"protocol.":[117],"FaRO's":[118,147],"server-client":[119],"architecture":[120,148],"portability":[123],"allows":[124],"easy":[125],"construction":[126],"modularized":[128],"heterogeneous":[130],"face":[131],"analysis":[132],"pipelines,":[133],"distributed":[134,160],"over":[135],"many":[136],"machines":[137],"with":[138,153],"differing":[139],"hardware":[140],"resources.":[143],"This":[144],"paper":[145],"outlines":[146],"current":[150],"capabilities,":[151],"along":[152],"some":[154],"experiments":[155],"model":[157],"testing":[158],"scaling":[161],"FaRO.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}