{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118314577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","title":"Biometric Identification and Presentation-Attack Detection using Micro- and Macro-Movements of the Eyes","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Presentation-Attack Detection using Micro- and Macro-Movements of the Eyes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118314577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","mag":"3118314577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066279467","display_name":"Silvia Makowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Makowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025151670","display_name":"Lena A. J\u00e4ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena A. Jager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085872778","display_name":"Paul Prasse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Prasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007427935","display_name":"Tobias Scheffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-7925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Scheffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066279467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8446486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233230113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.7148082852363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6945054531097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5889297723770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccadic-masking","display_name":"Saccadic masking","score":0.5811324715614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5811013579368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.5707299709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5623567700386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.4611175060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.4223378300666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4214460253715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32478123903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15789085626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.10742247104644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07765352725982666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233230113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.7148082852363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6945054531097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5889297723770142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.5811324715614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5811013579368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5707299709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5623567700386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.4611175060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.4223378300666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4214460253715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32478123903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15789085626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.10742247104644775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07765352725982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb48548.2020.9304900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100859729","https://openalex.org/W179861874","https://openalex.org/W1485900623","https://openalex.org/W1516387912","https://openalex.org/W1524682941","https://openalex.org/W1535827370","https://openalex.org/W1554675373","https://openalex.org/W1580980576","https://openalex.org/W1593483210","https://openalex.org/W1966067027","https://openalex.org/W1972754743","https://openalex.org/W1980238422","https://openalex.org/W1989000482","https://openalex.org/W1997377228","https://openalex.org/W1997542180","https://openalex.org/W1998678839","https://openalex.org/W2001537709","https://openalex.org/W2007163867","https://openalex.org/W2009723186","https://openalex.org/W2019881187","https://openalex.org/W2024670811","https://openalex.org/W2025371967","https://openalex.org/W2036071415","https://openalex.org/W2038242132","https://openalex.org/W2052737024","https://openalex.org/W2053631137","https://openalex.org/W2056988391","https://openalex.org/W2062130558","https://openalex.org/W2068521782","https://openalex.org/W2078279227","https://openalex.org/W2093923187","https://openalex.org/W2094773601","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2105121197","https://openalex.org/W2106385544","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2139551810","https://openalex.org/W2170557803","https://openalex.org/W2186996804","https://openalex.org/W2250621553","https://openalex.org/W2288826045","https://openalex.org/W2344381053","https://openalex.org/W2606828393","https://openalex.org/W2890144360","https://openalex.org/W2955871884","https://openalex.org/W2963091610","https://openalex.org/W2968071708","https://openalex.org/W3104502007","https://openalex.org/W6607264280","https://openalex.org/W6629016409","https://openalex.org/W6631567349","https://openalex.org/W6635502997","https://openalex.org/W6645071775","https://openalex.org/W6649542018","https://openalex.org/W6656902678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336359245","https://openalex.org/W1708007876","https://openalex.org/W1991260712","https://openalex.org/W411830526","https://openalex.org/W2466319049","https://openalex.org/W2053631137","https://openalex.org/W2355677040","https://openalex.org/W1971327112","https://openalex.org/W2156964236","https://openalex.org/W260630475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,15,75,88],"study":[1],"involuntary":[2],"micro-movements":[3],"of":[4],"both":[5,62],"eyes,":[6],"in":[7,44],"addition":[8],"to":[9,33,36,51,72,98],"saccadic":[10],"macro-movements,":[11],"as":[12],"biometric":[13],"characteristic.":[14],"develop":[16,41],"a":[17,42,49,52],"deep":[18],"convolutional":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"that":[22,90],"processes":[23],"binocular":[24],"oculomotoric":[25],"signals":[26],"and":[27,68],"identifies":[28],"the":[29,46,63,69,91,101],"viewer.":[30],"In":[31],"order":[32],"be":[34],"able":[35],"detect":[37],"presentation":[38],"attacks,":[39],"we":[40],"model":[43,56,92,102],"which":[45],"movements":[47],"are":[48],"response":[50,71],"controlled":[53,64],"stimulus.":[54,74],"The":[55],"detects":[57,93],"replay":[58,94],"attacks":[59,95],"by":[60],"processing":[61],"but":[65],"randomized":[66],"stimulus":[67],"ocular":[70],"this":[73],"acquire":[76],"eye":[77],"movement":[78],"data":[79],"from":[80],"150":[81],"participants,":[82],"with":[83],"4":[84],"sessions":[85],"per":[86],"participant.":[87],"observe":[89],"reliably;":[96],"compared":[97],"prior":[99],"work,":[100],"attains":[103],"substantially":[104],"lower":[105],"error":[106],"rates.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
