{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109002610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","title":"Synthesis-based recognition of low resolution faces","display_name":"Synthesis-based recognition of low resolution faces","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109002610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","mag":"2109002610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007774416","display_name":"Sumit Shekhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-2290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Shekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004716468","display_name":"Vishal M. Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal M. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102762707","display_name":"Rama Chellappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-1650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rama Chellappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Center for Automation Research, University of Maryland, College Park, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9608048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.8271087408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7741371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7691681385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6889339685440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resolution","display_name":"Low resolution","score":0.6075494885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6071744561195374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5964106321334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.582451343536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5742509365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5543555021286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5320974588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5173261165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.514805018901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3467942476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.3187721371650696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.8271087408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7741371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7691681385040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6889339685440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019883945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Low resolution","level":3,"score":0.6075494885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6071744561195374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5964106321334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.582451343536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5742509365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5543555021286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5320974588394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5173261165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.514805018901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3467942476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.3187721371650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117545","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514503772","https://openalex.org/W1981341515","https://openalex.org/W1983781364","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2012829628","https://openalex.org/W2046649434","https://openalex.org/W2054515210","https://openalex.org/W2069498936","https://openalex.org/W2082714615","https://openalex.org/W2097017378","https://openalex.org/W2097074225","https://openalex.org/W2099470017","https://openalex.org/W2103751387","https://openalex.org/W2114380981","https://openalex.org/W2118963448","https://openalex.org/W2125874614","https://openalex.org/W2126653386","https://openalex.org/W2129306288","https://openalex.org/W2130274900","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2140257560","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161516371","https://openalex.org/W2282794079","https://openalex.org/W2536350903","https://openalex.org/W4238240379","https://openalex.org/W6630956775","https://openalex.org/W6675606679","https://openalex.org/W6677548907","https://openalex.org/W6683660953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W4387163326","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W3108145925","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognition":[0],"of":[1,32,87,104],"low":[2,33,135],"resolution":[3,38,71,95,136],"face":[4,13,22,117,137],"images":[5],"is":[6,31,40,90,108,120,125],"a":[7,36,76,114],"challenging":[8,115],"problem":[9,27,61],"in":[10,20,68],"many":[11,133],"practical":[12],"recognition":[14,23,138],"systems.":[15],"Methods":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"proposed":[19,106],"the":[21,26,29,47,52,60,65,69,81,105],"literature":[24],"for":[25,42,79],"when":[28],"probe":[30,48,82],"resolution,":[34],"and":[35,74,113,127],"high":[37,70],"gallery":[39,72],"available":[41,67],"recognition.":[43],"These":[44],"methods":[45],"modify":[46],"image":[49,54,73],"such":[50],"that":[51,91,122],"resultant":[53],"provides":[55],"better":[56,131],"discrimination.":[57],"We":[58],"formulate":[59],"differently":[62],"by":[63],"leveraging":[64],"information":[66],"propose":[75],"generative":[77],"approach":[78],"classifying":[80],"image.":[83],"An":[84],"important":[85],"feature":[86],"our":[88,123],"algorithm":[89],"it":[92],"can":[93,128],"handle":[94],"changes":[96],"along":[97],"with":[98],"illumination":[99],"variations.":[100],"The":[101],"effective-":[102],"ness":[103],"method":[107,124],"demonstrated":[109],"using":[110],"standard":[111],"datasets":[112],"outdoor":[116],"dataset.":[118],"It":[119],"shown":[121],"efficient":[126],"perform":[129],"significantly":[130],"than":[132],"competitive":[134],"algorithms.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}