{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390188249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488","title":"Performance Analysis of LoRa for Internet of Underground Things in Agriculture 4.0","display_name":"Performance Analysis of LoRa for Internet of Underground Things in Agriculture 4.0","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390188249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093577094","display_name":"Irfana Ilyas Jameela Manzil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfana Ilyas Jameela Manzil","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008253624","display_name":"Ruhul Amin Khalil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruhul Amin Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042602326","display_name":"Nasir Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-5139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University,Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,Al Ain,UAE,15551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65115022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6953630447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6694070100784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5811257362365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5317458510398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5066254734992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49977684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.48589271306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.44173508882522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4325034022331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37451454997062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33056554198265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3232194781303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24578002095222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1343158483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1115218997001648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6953630447387695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6694070100784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5811257362365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5317458510398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5066254734992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49977684020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.48589271306991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.44173508882522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4325034022331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37451454997062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33056554198265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3232194781303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24578002095222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1343158483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1115218997001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133747552","https://openalex.org/W2148276724","https://openalex.org/W2155411643","https://openalex.org/W2170195314","https://openalex.org/W2182909341","https://openalex.org/W2183011176","https://openalex.org/W2475431185","https://openalex.org/W2519037551","https://openalex.org/W2564504513","https://openalex.org/W2596324967","https://openalex.org/W2597831797","https://openalex.org/W2766513146","https://openalex.org/W2770794632","https://openalex.org/W2771058985","https://openalex.org/W2809209059","https://openalex.org/W2898008923","https://openalex.org/W2911388364","https://openalex.org/W2914141889","https://openalex.org/W2970272361","https://openalex.org/W3046046883","https://openalex.org/W4243329722","https://openalex.org/W4249365614","https://openalex.org/W4376455422","https://openalex.org/W6729059106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2250140200","https://openalex.org/W3121791438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,159],"paper":[1],"comprehensively":[2],"explores":[3],"LoRa,":[4],"a":[5,37,154],"wire-less":[6],"communication":[7,23],"technology":[8,58,171],"custom-tailored":[9],"for":[10,165],"the":[11,54,74,81,93,99,107,112,121,127,162,167,207],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,40,56,109,114,123,169,190,210],"Things":[14],"(IoT).":[15],"It":[16],"explicitly":[17],"emphasizes":[18],"its":[19,179],"prowess":[20],"in":[21,59,131,150,172,184,198],"facilitating":[22],"between":[24,63],"underground":[25,211],"and":[26,49,67,88,182,203],"aboveground":[27],"domains,":[28,200],"referred":[29],"to":[30,52,134,146,194,206],"as":[31],"UG2AG":[32],"scenarios.":[33],"Our":[34,118],"study":[35,192],"encompasses":[36],"detailed":[38],"examination":[39],"various":[41],"environmental":[42,204],"variables,":[43],"including":[44],"soil":[45],"composition,":[46],"moisture":[47],"levels,":[48],"burial":[50],"depth,":[51],"gauge":[53],"applicability":[55],"LoRaWAN":[57],"establishing":[60],"seamless":[61],"connectivity":[62],"subterranean":[64,185],"IoT":[65,196],"sensors":[66],"surface-level":[68],"infrastructure.":[69],"The":[70,188],"investigation":[71],"thoroughly":[72],"analyzes":[73],"unique":[75],"path":[76],"loss":[77],"characteristics":[78],"encountered":[79],"within":[80],"soil-to-air":[82],"transmission":[83],"channel,":[84],"considering":[85],"varying":[86],"frequencies":[87],"volumetric":[89],"water":[90],"content.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"performance":[94],"analysis":[95],"is":[96],"characterized":[97,152],"by":[98,153],"Bit":[100],"Error":[101],"Rate":[102],"(BER),":[103],"providing":[104],"insights":[105,177],"into":[106,178],"reliability":[108],"LoRa":[110,132,141,170],"under":[111],"rigors":[113],"challenging":[115],"IoUT":[116,173],"environments.":[117],"findings":[119],"underscore":[120],"role":[122],"parameter":[124],"selection,":[125],"particularly":[126],"spreading":[128],"factor":[129],"(SF),":[130],"networks":[133],"optimize":[135],"BER":[136],"performance.":[137],"As":[138],"SF":[139],"increases,":[140],"devices":[142],"exhibit":[143],"heightened":[144],"resilience":[145],"noise":[147],"interference,":[148],"especially":[149],"scenarios":[151],"low":[155],"Signal-to-Noise":[156],"Ratio":[157],"(SNR).":[158],"work":[160],"lays":[161],"solid":[163],"foundation":[164],"harnessing":[166],"potential":[168],"applications,":[174],"offering":[175],"invaluable":[176],"effectiveness,":[180],"adaptability,":[181],"robustness":[183],"wireless":[186],"communication.":[187],"outcomes":[189],"this":[191],"promise":[193],"propel":[195],"solutions":[197],"diverse":[199],"from":[201],"agriculture":[202],"monitoring":[205],"uncharted":[208],"frontiers":[209],"connectivity.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
