{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390187791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420","title":"Application of Nonlinear Gaussian Process Regression Models for CO2 Emissions Prediction","display_name":"Application of Nonlinear Gaussian Process Regression Models for CO2 Emissions Prediction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390187791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmed Abdelhadi Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdelhadi Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University,College of Information Technology (CIT),Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering,Al Ain,UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University,College of Information Technology (CIT),Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering,Al Ain,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057431962","display_name":"Yousif Badri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-410X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousif Badri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering,Auckland,New Zealand","Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering,Auckland,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072299993","display_name":"Asaad Y. Shamseldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asaad Shamseldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Auckland,New Zealand","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland,Faculty of Engineering,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Auckland,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"110","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.6610985994338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6202070116996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.607367992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5975087881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.5922666192054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5778024792671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.5252389907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4928624629974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4450145959854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4341021180152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40498512983322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3923388719558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32814857363700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3113481402397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.20272746682167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.1204172670841217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07379800081253052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6610985994338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6202070116996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.607367992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5975087881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5922666192054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5778024792671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.5252389907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4928624629974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4450145959854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4341021180152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40498512983322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3923388719558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32814857363700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3113481402397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.20272746682167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.1204172670841217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07379800081253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iit59782.2023.10366420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 15th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536554695","https://openalex.org/W1657213141","https://openalex.org/W1804086190","https://openalex.org/W1877895809","https://openalex.org/W1967355926","https://openalex.org/W1976364950","https://openalex.org/W1980452183","https://openalex.org/W2013640190","https://openalex.org/W2046754193","https://openalex.org/W2078966977","https://openalex.org/W2145612176","https://openalex.org/W2153264814","https://openalex.org/W2292699749","https://openalex.org/W2580661019","https://openalex.org/W2769581177","https://openalex.org/W2783124156","https://openalex.org/W2793278677","https://openalex.org/W2804446681","https://openalex.org/W2888459087","https://openalex.org/W2955443275","https://openalex.org/W3097941369","https://openalex.org/W3122038342","https://openalex.org/W3125156247","https://openalex.org/W3136869184","https://openalex.org/W3138218549","https://openalex.org/W3202022212","https://openalex.org/W4210706295","https://openalex.org/W4362633912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W566010457","https://openalex.org/W2600092203","https://openalex.org/W4293503520","https://openalex.org/W4300066510","https://openalex.org/W2056958800","https://openalex.org/W2803685231","https://openalex.org/W3134152097","https://openalex.org/W4311388919","https://openalex.org/W2966696655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131],"growing":[1],"concern":[2],"over":[3],"climate":[4],"change":[5],"led":[6],"to":[7,36,66,70,86,99,105,122],"a":[8,37,168],"massive":[9],"corpus":[10],"of":[11,16,21,30,43,159,166,182],"literature":[12,32,64],"addressing":[13],"the":[14,28,41,89,140,148,164,180],"impact":[15,48],"various":[17],"factors":[18,45,69],"in":[19,49,88,103],"terms":[20],"carbon":[22],"dioxide":[23],"(CO2)":[24],"emissions":[25,53,76,107,176],"levels.":[26,54,77,108],"However,":[27],"majority":[29],"existing":[31],"employs":[33],"linear":[34,129],"models":[35,118,138],"singular":[38],"factor,":[39],"neglecting":[40],"relation":[42,104],"these":[44],"and":[46,173],"their":[47,101,124],"conjunction":[50],"on":[51],"CO2":[52,75,106,145,175],"To":[55],"answer":[56],"this":[57,59],"question,":[58],"study":[60],"conducted":[61],"an":[62,156],"intensive":[63],"review":[65],"identify":[67],"proper":[68],"deduce":[71],"parameters":[72],"that":[73,134],"influence":[74],"These":[78],"parameters,":[79],"derived":[80],"from":[81,84],"data":[82],"spanning":[83],"1965":[85],"2021":[87],"United":[90],"Arab":[91],"Emirates,":[92],"underwent":[93],"thorough":[94],"analysis":[95],"using":[96],"Dominance":[97],"Analysis":[98],"establish":[100],"significance":[102],"Subsequently,":[109],"we":[110],"employed":[111],"nonparametric":[112,135],"nonlinear":[113,136,169],"Gaussian":[114],"Process":[115],"Regression":[116],"(GPR)":[117],"with":[119,147],"diverse":[120],"kernels":[121],"assess":[123],"performance":[125],"against":[126],"traditional":[127],"parametric":[128],"models.":[130],"results":[132],"showed":[133],"GPR":[137],"provide":[139],"most":[141],"accurate":[142],"predictions":[143],"for":[144,171],"emissions,":[146],"GPR-Matern":[149],"kernel":[150],"outperforming":[151],"all":[152],"other":[153],"models,":[154],"achieving":[155],"R-squared":[157],"value":[158],"98.1%.":[160],"Our":[161],"findings":[162],"highlight":[163],"importance":[165],"adopting":[167],"approach":[170],"predicting":[172],"forecasting":[174],"levels":[177],"when":[178],"considering":[179],"interplay":[181],"driving":[183],"factors.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}