{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117564611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184","title":"The Socratic Turn in AI: Reviewing the Transformation of LLMs into Dialogical Educators","display_name":"The Socratic Turn in AI: Reviewing the Transformation of LLMs into Dialogical Educators","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117564611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119066823","display_name":"Diamanto Tzanoulinou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diamanto Tzanoulinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005558878","display_name":"Loukas Triantafyllopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-5642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loukas Triantafyllopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036319147","display_name":"Evgenia Paxinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-8569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evgenia Paxinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003484641","display_name":"Georgios Feretzakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Feretzakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068179203","display_name":"Dimitris Kalles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-5966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Kalles","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085113815","display_name":"Vassilios S. Verykios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-0819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231025917","display_name":"Hellenic Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kq26x23","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassilios Verykios","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University,Patras,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119066823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231025917"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94091943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.2371000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.2371000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.17339999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12887","display_name":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socratic-method","display_name":"Socratic method","score":0.8894000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socratic-questioning","display_name":"Socratic questioning","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialogical-self","display_name":"Dialogical self","score":0.6636999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"Metacognition","score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-education","display_name":"Philosophy of education","score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.3752000033855438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2801541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839475","display_name":"Socratic method","level":2,"score":0.8894000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174594037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4926165","display_name":"Socratic questioning","level":3,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10646191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1996523","display_name":"Dialogical self","level":2,"score":0.6636999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5741999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207096701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564371","display_name":"Philosophy of education","level":3,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92936396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135710","display_name":"Social constructivism","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa66859.2025.11311184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 16th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8177298307418823,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41920332","https://openalex.org/W1971953848","https://openalex.org/W1994555413","https://openalex.org/W2108730590","https://openalex.org/W2143505075","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2999331643","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W4245958349","https://openalex.org/W4385441094","https://openalex.org/W4385573161","https://openalex.org/W4388113198","https://openalex.org/W4389492857","https://openalex.org/W4394011305","https://openalex.org/W4394958908","https://openalex.org/W4399216831","https://openalex.org/W4399790131","https://openalex.org/W4400668035","https://openalex.org/W4400811249","https://openalex.org/W4402620501","https://openalex.org/W4402672043","https://openalex.org/W4405087618","https://openalex.org/W4405954392","https://openalex.org/W4406026056","https://openalex.org/W4406459373","https://openalex.org/W4407114958","https://openalex.org/W4408095816"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116],"integration":[1],"of":[2,31,66,74,79,88,97],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"into":[7,123],"education":[8],"has":[9,23],"opened":[10],"new":[11],"avenues":[12],"for":[13,50,82,100,148],"personalized,":[14],"interactive,":[15],"and":[16,36,58,102,105,108,129,143,152],"scalable":[17],"learning.":[18],"However,":[19],"their":[20],"growing":[21],"use":[22,78],"also":[24,133],"raised":[25],"concerns":[26],"about":[27],"the":[28,43,77,86,95,146],"potential":[29],"erosion":[30],"critical":[32,130],"thinking,":[33],"learner":[34],"autonomy,":[35],"reflective":[37],"engagement.":[38],"This":[39],"literature":[40],"review":[41],"investigates":[42],"Socratic":[44,80,92,98,121],"method":[45],"as":[46],"a":[47,149],"pedagogical":[48,139],"framework":[49],"reorienting":[51],"AI-driven":[52],"educational":[53,114,154],"tools":[54],"toward":[55],"dialogical,":[56],"inquiry-based,":[57],"metacognitive":[59,103],"learning":[60,83],"practices.":[61],"Based":[62],"on":[63],"an":[64],"analysis":[65],"26":[67],"recent":[68],"studies":[69],"identifies":[70],"four":[71],"primary":[72],"areas":[73],"implementation:":[75],"(1)":[76],"dialogue":[81],"support,":[84],"(2)":[85],"fine-tuning":[87],"LLMs":[89,124],"to":[90,138],"emulate":[91],"reasoning,":[93],"(3)":[94],"application":[96],"questioning":[99],"assessment":[101],"development,":[104],"(4)":[106],"domainspecific":[107],"ethically":[109],"informed":[110],"adaptations":[111],"across":[112],"diverse":[113],"contexts.":[115],"findings":[117],"suggest":[118],"that":[119],"embedding":[120],"principles":[122],"can":[125],"foster":[126],"deeper":[127],"understanding":[128],"reflection":[131],"while":[132],"revealing":[134],"ongoing":[135],"challenges":[136],"related":[137],"coherence,":[140],"ethical":[141],"accountability,":[142],"longterm":[144],"impact\u2014highlighting":[145],"need":[147],"more":[150],"intentional":[151],"principled":[153],"approach.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}