{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389777370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866","title":"A Machine Learning Approach for Effective Software Defect Detection","display_name":"A Machine Learning Approach for Effective Software Defect Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389777370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038525946","display_name":"Maria Vasileiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3937-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Vasileiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3937-8842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102923620","display_name":"George Papageorgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-8621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Papageorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-8621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071901091","display_name":"Christos Tjortjis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-9024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Tjortjis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-9024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University,The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Data Mining and Analytics Research Group, School of Science and Technology International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71615355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590848207473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6276719570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6250050067901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6100885272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5502054691314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5441438555717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5206664800643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5004174709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-lines-of-code","display_name":"Source lines of code","score":0.5003583431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48381298780441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4826248586177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42719602584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.4115484654903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20566317439079285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590848207473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6276719570159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6250050067901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6100885272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5502054691314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5441438555717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5206664800643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5004174709320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.5003583431243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48381298780441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4826248586177826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42719602584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.4115484654903412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20566317439079285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iisa59645.2023.10345866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527842677","https://openalex.org/W1574534563","https://openalex.org/W1964940342","https://openalex.org/W1974799041","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2025377300","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2118283821","https://openalex.org/W2122804569","https://openalex.org/W2153896900","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2316607221","https://openalex.org/W2321990803","https://openalex.org/W2356271416","https://openalex.org/W2515475340","https://openalex.org/W2615940052","https://openalex.org/W2733463659","https://openalex.org/W2799900537","https://openalex.org/W2903199829","https://openalex.org/W2945584253","https://openalex.org/W2956108114","https://openalex.org/W2957095912","https://openalex.org/W2996189176","https://openalex.org/W3102927640","https://openalex.org/W3154474119","https://openalex.org/W4206341600","https://openalex.org/W4233220251","https://openalex.org/W4235119084","https://openalex.org/W4310608833","https://openalex.org/W4361009469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389954502","https://openalex.org/W2771255398","https://openalex.org/W2930428186","https://openalex.org/W3200027047","https://openalex.org/W3125536479","https://openalex.org/W4214820172","https://openalex.org/W4386984454","https://openalex.org/W3120363735","https://openalex.org/W2394323384","https://openalex.org/W4317422759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"an":[3,126],"efficient":[4],"Machine":[5],"Learning":[6],"(ML)":[7],"strategy":[8],"for":[9],"software":[10,19,190],"defect":[11],"detection,":[12],"focusing":[13],"on":[14],"identifying":[15],"defective":[16,54],"and":[17,21,74,79,86,103,111,130,136,154,163,175],"non-defective":[18],"files":[20,52],"investigating":[22],"the":[23,35,45,119,140,145,158,161,166,170,176,187],"possibility":[24],"of":[25,38,128,147,151,165,172,180,189],"using":[26,81,99],"exclusively":[27],"structural":[28],"code":[29,37,167,181],"metrics.":[30,89],"The":[31],"real-life":[32],"dataset,":[33],"from":[34],"source":[36,148,178],"twenty-six":[39],"N":[40],"otepad++":[41],"releases":[42],"generated":[43],"with":[44,94,125],"LocMetrics":[46],"tool,":[47],"was":[48],"used":[49],"to":[50],"classify":[51],"as":[53],"or":[55],"non-defective.":[56],"Seven":[57],"ML":[58],"models,":[59],"namely":[60],"Decision":[61],"Tree,":[62],"Support":[63],"Vector":[64],"Machine,":[65],"Logistic":[66],"Regression,":[67],"Naive":[68],"Bayes,":[69],"k-Nearest":[70],"Neighbors,":[71],"Random":[72],"Forest,":[73],"Extra":[75,120],"Trees,":[76],"were":[77,92,144],"applied":[78],"benchmarked":[80],"accuracy,":[82],"precision,":[83],"recall,":[84],"F1-score":[85],"their":[87],"macro/weighted":[88],"All":[90],"models":[91],"fine-tuned":[93],"Randomized":[95],"Grid":[96],"Search,":[97],"trained":[98],"to-fold":[100],"Cross":[101],"Validation,":[102],"evaluated":[104],"in":[105,134,185],"two":[106],"steps:":[107],"test":[108],"data":[109,114],"evaluation":[110,137],"extra":[112],"unseen":[113],"validation.":[115],"Results":[116],"revealed":[117],"that":[118,157],"Trees":[121],"model":[122],"outperformed":[123],"others":[124],"accuracy":[127],"82.09%":[129],"retained":[131],"its":[132],"dominance":[133],"validation":[135],"procedures.":[138],"Lastly,":[139],"most":[141],"important":[142],"predictors":[143],"type":[146],"codes":[149],"(presence":[150],"C++),":[152],"BLOC,":[153],"SLOC-L,":[155],"illustrating":[156],"programming":[159],"language,":[160],"clarity,":[162],"readability":[164],"(denoted":[168],"by":[169],"number":[171],"blank":[173],"lines),":[174],"logical":[177],"lines":[179],"play":[182],"crucial":[183],"roles":[184],"determining":[186],"likelihood":[188],"defects.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}