{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078889343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","title":"Image Steganographic Scheme Using Tri-way Pixel-Value Differencing and Adaptive Rules","display_name":"Image Steganographic Scheme Using Tri-way Pixel-Value Differencing and Adaptive Rules","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078889343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","mag":"2078889343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035893380","display_name":"Ko-Chin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-5983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ko-Chin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065112838","display_name":"Ping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-4663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping S. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111781760","display_name":"T-M Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T-M Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111880270","display_name":"Chien-Ping Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Ping Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Defense Univ., Taoyuan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12419043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"449","last_page":"452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8739833831787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.8253650665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.698738157749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6918760538101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6776494383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6269876956939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.588427722454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.579041063785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4813412129878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45543986558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40647080540657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4035581350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2685707211494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.05778816342353821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8739833831787109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.8253650665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.698738157749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6918760538101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6776494383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6269876956939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.588427722454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.579041063785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4813412129878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45543986558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40647080540657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4035581350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2685707211494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.05778816342353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iihmsp.2007.4457745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Third International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046423394","https://openalex.org/W2069314928","https://openalex.org/W2075915116","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2128386952","https://openalex.org/W2146621575","https://openalex.org/W2159390040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203504906","https://openalex.org/W2497446005","https://openalex.org/W3190769222","https://openalex.org/W2171676767","https://openalex.org/W4312890355","https://openalex.org/W2189589914","https://openalex.org/W2119567889","https://openalex.org/W83713408","https://openalex.org/W4293373802","https://openalex.org/W4318577714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"steganographic":[2],"approach":[3,16,50],"based":[4],"on":[5],"tri-way":[6,25],"pixel-value":[7],"differencing":[8,26],"(TPVD)":[9],"is":[10],"presented":[11],"in":[12],"this":[13],"paper.":[14],"This":[15],"uses":[17],"three":[18],"different":[19],"directional":[20],"edges":[21],"to":[22,29,58],"design":[23],"the":[24,31,35,52,83,93],"scheme":[27,75],"and":[28,55,69,82],"remove":[30],"capacity":[32,81],"limitation":[33],"of":[34,95],"original":[36,96],"PVD":[37],"method":[38],"using":[39],"only":[40],"one":[41],"direction.":[42],"In":[43],"addition,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"an":[47],"optimal":[48],"selection":[49],"for":[51],"reference":[53],"point":[54],"adaptive":[56],"rules":[57],"reduce":[59],"distortion":[60],"from":[61,90],"setting":[62],"larger":[63],"embedding":[64,80],"capacity.":[65],"The":[66],"theoretical":[67],"estimation":[68],"experimental":[70],"results":[71],"demonstrate":[72],"that":[73],"our":[74],"can":[76,87],"provide":[77],"a":[78],"superior":[79],"embedded":[84],"confidential":[85],"information":[86],"be":[88],"extracted":[89],"stego-images":[91],"without":[92],"assistance":[94],"images.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
