{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312568195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858","title":"Extracting Graphological Features for Identifying Personality Traits using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm","display_name":"Extracting Graphological Features for Identifying Personality Traits using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312568195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608273","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007820406","display_name":"Noor Fazilla Abd Yusof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-3900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noor Fazilla Abd Yusof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085906267","display_name":"Nur Zareen Zulkarnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Zareen Zulkarnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073424149","display_name":"Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-4578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018888060","display_name":"Zuraini Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-3154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuraini Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Fakulti Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi,Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia,76100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079642740","display_name":"Azura Hanim Hashim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azura Hanim Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mastery Academy,Shah Alam,Selangor","Mastery Academy, Shah Alam, Selangor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mastery Academy,Shah Alam,Selangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mastery Academy, Shah Alam, Selangor","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007820406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44078621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.8712000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.8712000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.8184999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.9062824845314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.6726346015930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6278277635574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subconscious","display_name":"Subconscious","score":0.6240326762199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5688791871070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48032084107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.45498931407928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-five-personality-traits","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","score":0.4343724846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.4249269366264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4192241430282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4137672185897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3529859185218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.323442280292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12818732857704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.11149042844772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1080951988697052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9062824845314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.6726346015930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6278277635574341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96851999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848369","display_name":"Subconscious","level":3,"score":0.6240326762199402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5688791871070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48032084107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45498931407928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.4343724846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.4249269366264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4192241430282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4137672185897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3529859185218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.323442280292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12818732857704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11149042844772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1080951988697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608273","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974715349","https://openalex.org/W2123074652","https://openalex.org/W2509683155","https://openalex.org/W2755234204","https://openalex.org/W2791730935","https://openalex.org/W2792774571","https://openalex.org/W2801872061","https://openalex.org/W2886909336","https://openalex.org/W2896152542","https://openalex.org/W2910816665","https://openalex.org/W2921926769","https://openalex.org/W2922018052","https://openalex.org/W2977426289","https://openalex.org/W3011744489","https://openalex.org/W3038688250","https://openalex.org/W3094655095","https://openalex.org/W3121124014","https://openalex.org/W3157808961","https://openalex.org/W3163420496","https://openalex.org/W3172873108","https://openalex.org/W4230014345","https://openalex.org/W4403066406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3132110389","https://openalex.org/W2392683697","https://openalex.org/W4207004974","https://openalex.org/W4385360431","https://openalex.org/W2514389873","https://openalex.org/W2353486471","https://openalex.org/W2972168326","https://openalex.org/W34139413","https://openalex.org/W3015062709","https://openalex.org/W2088706857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handwriting/graphology":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,22,25],"unique":[3],"and":[4,18,36,103],"exclusive":[5],"tool":[6],"that":[7,83],"describes":[8],"one's":[9,114],"non-verbal":[10],"expression,":[11],"which":[12],"indirectly":[13],"portrays":[14],"the":[15,38,47,55,76,84,91,108],"mental":[16,41,61],"state":[17,20],"psychological":[19],"of":[21,40,57,60,111],"writer":[23],"in":[24,51,90],"subconscious":[26],"manner.":[27],"The":[28,64,79,95],"graphology":[29],"analysis":[30],"has":[31],"been":[32],"proven":[33],"to":[34,71],"identify":[35],"predict":[37],"signs":[39,110],"health":[42,62],"disorders.":[43,63],"This":[44],"study":[45,99],"explores":[46],"distinctive":[48,85],"graphological":[49],"features":[50,86],"Malaysian":[52],"handwritings":[53],"towards":[54],"identification":[56],"early":[58,109],"sign":[59],"Agglomerative":[65],"Hierarchical":[66],"Clustering":[67],"algorithm":[68],"was":[69],"proposed":[70],"build":[72],"up":[73],"clusters":[74],"over":[75],"handwriting":[77],"data.":[78],"promising":[80],"finding":[81],"suggests":[82],"could":[87,100],"be":[88,101],"useful":[89],"personality":[92],"traits":[93],"analysis.":[94],"results":[96],"from":[97],"this":[98],"extended":[102],"further":[104],"explored":[105],"for":[106],"identifying":[107],"depression":[112],"through":[113],"handwriting.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
