{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312737725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831","title":"Classification of Defects in Robusta Green Coffee Beans Using YOLO","display_name":"Classification of Defects in Robusta Green Coffee Beans Using YOLO","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312737725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608273","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042937053","display_name":"Vince Amiel M. Luis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vince Amiel M. Luis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084440947","display_name":"Marc Vincent T. Quinones","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Vincent T. Quinones","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005896904","display_name":"Analyn N. Yumang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0029"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Analyn N. Yumang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University,Manila,Philippines","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042937053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97612958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-coffee","display_name":"Green coffee","score":0.7478945851325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.6886128187179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.6585451364517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coffee-bean","display_name":"Coffee bean","score":0.6461255550384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coffee-grounds","display_name":"Coffee grounds","score":0.4773124158382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.4550716280937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.446278840303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.408990740776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.40549933910369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3693477511405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23607030510902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15420329570770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-science","display_name":"Food science","score":0.14282011985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1367810070514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1345519721508026}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993527415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153697","display_name":"Green coffee","level":2,"score":0.7478945851325989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.6886128187179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6585451364517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779801959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153697","display_name":"Coffee bean","level":2,"score":0.6461255550384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020347786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903001","display_name":"Coffee grounds","level":2,"score":0.4773124158382416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4550716280937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.446278840303421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.408990740776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.40549933910369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3693477511405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23607030510902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15420329570770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.14282011985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1367810070514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1345519721508026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iicaiet55139.2022.9936831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608273","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765888665","https://openalex.org/W2808249611","https://openalex.org/W2808587148","https://openalex.org/W2971244207","https://openalex.org/W2979535898","https://openalex.org/W2995669147","https://openalex.org/W2999375985","https://openalex.org/W3090866149","https://openalex.org/W3154383190","https://openalex.org/W3155511079","https://openalex.org/W3158771673","https://openalex.org/W3158885855","https://openalex.org/W3159615757","https://openalex.org/W3160565250","https://openalex.org/W3176707890","https://openalex.org/W3185743663","https://openalex.org/W3202452871","https://openalex.org/W3202602347","https://openalex.org/W3203481222","https://openalex.org/W4253443159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206242166","https://openalex.org/W2791442574","https://openalex.org/W3169169773","https://openalex.org/W1542825526","https://openalex.org/W2345355327","https://openalex.org/W4225995496","https://openalex.org/W3205478588","https://openalex.org/W3038525977","https://openalex.org/W2078062016","https://openalex.org/W139265589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1],"one":[2],"of":[3,14,52,55,97,112,118],"the":[4,9,21,38,49,58,74,85,94,98,110,113,119,138],"most":[5],"prominent":[6],"industries":[7],"in":[8],"Philippines,":[10],"and":[11,40,77,93,132],"a":[12],"branch":[13],"agriculture":[15],"includes":[16],"coffee":[17,22,42,63,79,129,139,148],"bean":[18,64,80,130,140,149],"production.":[19],"Extracting":[20],"beans":[23,43],"from":[24,34,48],"their":[25],"original":[26],"fruits":[27],"requires":[28],"significant":[29],"effort":[30],"to":[31,72,108],"accomplish.":[32],"Apart":[33],"that,":[35],"filtering":[36],"between":[37],"normal":[39,78],"defected":[41],"has":[44],"its":[45],"difficulties,":[46],"just":[47],"sheer":[50],"amount":[51],"each":[53],"yield":[54],"harvests.":[56],"Thus,":[57],"researchers":[59],"proposed":[60],"an":[61,144],"automatic":[62],"defect":[65],"detection":[66,141],"system":[67,83,121,126,142],"that":[68],"utilized":[69],"image":[70],"processing":[71],"identify":[73],"broken,":[75],"black,":[76],"types.":[81],"The":[82,103,115,125],"had":[84],"You":[86],"Only":[87],"Look":[88],"Once":[89],"algorithm":[90,99],"(YOLO)":[91],"implemented,":[92],"latest":[95],"iteration":[96],"(YOLOv5)":[100],"was":[101,106],"utilized.":[102],"confusion":[104],"matrix":[105],"used":[107],"measure":[109],"accuracy":[111,117],"system.":[114],"overall":[116],"whole":[120],"yielded":[122],"95.11":[123],"percent.":[124],"will":[127],"benefit":[128],"farmers":[131],"consumers,":[133],"for":[134,146],"they":[135],"can":[136],"use":[137],"as":[143],"option":[145],"detecting":[147],"defects.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}