{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056754694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","title":"Green computing: A life cycle perspective","display_name":"Green computing: A life cycle perspective","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056754694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","mag":"2056754694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Green Computing Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030875484","display_name":"Alex K. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-0206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex K. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078160575","display_name":"Liang Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046554572","display_name":"William O. Collinge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William O. Collinge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731914","display_name":"Haifeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-4061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000027184","display_name":"Laura Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9351-4910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura A. Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Mech. Eng. & Mater. Sci., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mech. Eng. & Mater. Sci., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050149943","display_name":"Amy E. Landis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-6355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy E. Landis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, USA","Sch. of Sustainable Eng. & the Built Environ., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Sustainable Eng. & the Built Environ., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018383860","display_name":"Melissa M. Bilec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-6263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melissa M. Bilec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil & Environ. Eng., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030875484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6948834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12017","display_name":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.7554930448532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6682016849517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-computing","display_name":"Green computing","score":0.6601439118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5416043996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5322031378746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5236432552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4697848856449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.46891340613365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-assessment","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","score":0.46146777272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.4204522669315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.32204025983810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3188282549381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.17787808179855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09500673413276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09107685089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09083688259124756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7554930448532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6682016849517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75027835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064746","display_name":"Green computing","level":3,"score":0.6601439118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5416043996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5322031378746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5236432552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4697848856449127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.46891340613365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.46146777272224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.4204522669315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32204025983810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3188282549381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.17787808179855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09500673413276672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09107685089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09083688259124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Green Computing Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88898997","https://openalex.org/W653038893","https://openalex.org/W1896270085","https://openalex.org/W1956535194","https://openalex.org/W1965893671","https://openalex.org/W1969963291","https://openalex.org/W1979160481","https://openalex.org/W2019817940","https://openalex.org/W2020783672","https://openalex.org/W2033210477","https://openalex.org/W2036656354","https://openalex.org/W2052965052","https://openalex.org/W2092039799","https://openalex.org/W2159674583","https://openalex.org/W3216419321","https://openalex.org/W4237301400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244076636","https://openalex.org/W2399184610","https://openalex.org/W4230176027","https://openalex.org/W2916277247","https://openalex.org/W4253189047","https://openalex.org/W2756057112","https://openalex.org/W2904278394","https://openalex.org/W1986506768","https://openalex.org/W2033799264","https://openalex.org/W2294237256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Green":[0],"computing":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"synonymous":[4],"with":[5],"low-power/energy":[6],"computing.":[7,36],"However,":[8],"many":[9],"environmental":[10],"impacts":[11],"of":[12,34,43,54,75,78,82,95],"computing,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,31],"manufacturing,":[16],"are":[17],"significant,":[18],"possibly":[19],"moreso":[20],"than":[21],"the":[22,40,50,55,73,93,96],"operational/use":[23],"phase.":[24],"In":[25,72],"this":[26,63],"paper":[27],"we":[28],"motivate":[29],"manufacturing":[30,41,81],"an":[32],"issue":[33],"sustainable":[35],"We":[37],"also":[38],"demonstrate":[39],"component":[42,64],"chips":[44],"plays":[45],"a":[46],"significant":[47,90],"role":[48],"in":[49,86],"overall":[51],"energy":[52],"consumption":[53],"computer":[56,83],"over":[57],"its":[58],"life-cycle.":[59],"Current":[60],"trends":[61],"indicate":[62],"will":[65],"increase":[66],"at":[67],"more":[68],"aggressive":[69],"technology":[70],"nodes.":[71],"context":[74],"life-cycle":[76],"assessment":[77],"larger":[79],"systems,":[80],"systems":[84],"deployed":[85],"buildings":[87],"can":[88],"be":[89],"compared":[91],"to":[92],"construction":[94],"building":[97],"itself.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
