{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055322511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","title":"Classification of sidewalks in street view images","display_name":"Classification of sidewalks in street view images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055322511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","mag":"2055322511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Green Computing Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112800069","display_name":"Virginia Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-2395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001594573","display_name":"Jitendra Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-1580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitendra Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056732574","display_name":"David Culler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Culler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Sci. Div., Univ. of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112800069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72794516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7519809007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7216072082519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6626983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.617456316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6059702634811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5393623113632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4786730706691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.47381630539894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45144104957580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.18542546033859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09714850783348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07483398914337158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7519809007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7216072082519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6626983880996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.617456316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6059702634811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5393623113632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4786730706691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.47381630539894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45144104957580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.18542546033859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09714850783348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07483398914337158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2013.6604476","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Green Computing Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1722721435","https://openalex.org/W1931411869","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W1999895808","https://openalex.org/W2029377763","https://openalex.org/W2118545852","https://openalex.org/W2125310925","https://openalex.org/W2143423492","https://openalex.org/W2582085102","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2939474406","https://openalex.org/W3102168793","https://openalex.org/W3161853596","https://openalex.org/W6637639405","https://openalex.org/W6680819117","https://openalex.org/W6795341246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W1976827262","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W2768112316","https://openalex.org/W2889302474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mapping":[0],"sidewalks":[1,66,143],"in":[2,7,25,45,67,76,112,116],"urban":[3,15,147],"environments":[4],"is":[5,110],"key":[6],"the":[8,30,38,61],"creation":[9],"of":[10,22,33,65,88,98,120],"pedestrian-friendly,":[11],"sustainable":[12],"cities.":[13],"Currently,":[14],"planners":[16],"are":[17],"hindered":[18],"by":[19],"a":[20,26,81,86,117],"lack":[21],"information":[23,41,59],"available":[24],"format":[27],"suitable":[28],"for":[29,144],"large-scale":[31],"analysis":[32],"sidewalk":[34,74,114],"design.":[35],"To":[36],"demonstrate":[37],"impact":[39],"that":[40,93,107],"technology":[42],"could":[43],"have":[44],"this":[46,108],"area,":[47],"we":[48,72],"leverage":[49],"techniques":[50],"from":[51],"machine":[52],"learning":[53],"and":[54,63,90,102,133],"computer":[55],"vision":[56],"to":[57,130,137],"gather":[58,138],"about":[60,142],"presence":[62,97],"quality":[64],"map":[68],"images.":[69,123],"In":[70],"particular,":[71],"identify":[73],"segments":[75,115],"street":[77,121],"view":[78,122],"images":[79],"using":[80],"random":[82],"forest":[83],"classifier,":[84],"utilizing":[85],"set":[87,119],"local":[89],"global":[91],"features":[92],"include":[94],"geometric":[95],"context,":[96],"lanes,":[99],"pixel":[100],"color,":[101],"location.":[103],"Our":[104],"results":[105],"illustrate":[106],"approach":[109],"effective":[111],"classifying":[113],"large":[118,146],"This":[124],"algorithm":[125],"can":[126,134],"be":[127,135],"easily":[128],"extended":[129],"other":[131],"datasets,":[132],"automated":[136],"complete,":[139],"fine-grained":[140],"details":[141],"arbitrarily":[145],"environments.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
