{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402288793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723","title":"Prediction of Soil Moisture From Near-Global Cygnss Gnss-Reflectometry Using a Random Forest Machine Learning Model","display_name":"Prediction of Soil Moisture From Near-Global Cygnss Gnss-Reflectometry Using a Random Forest Machine Learning Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402288793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045274209","display_name":"Matthew Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-6981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000170675","display_name":"Rahul Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-2555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104059010","display_name":"Sharmila Savarimuthu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Savarimuthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Canterbury,Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036482928","display_name":"Delwyn Moller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Moller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland,Dept. Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering,New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland,Dept. Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076495698","display_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Ruf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Dept. Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Dept. Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045274209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70256722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4465","last_page":"4471"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7783116698265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6980424523353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.682904839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5666642785072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.4353805184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.4269731640815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.386111319065094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.303227037191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21325042843818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19885015487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.17384210228919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.09677541255950928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0655873715877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.060991764068603516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7783116698265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6980424523353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.682904839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5666642785072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4353805184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4269731640815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.386111319065094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.303227037191391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21325042843818665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19885015487670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.17384210228919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09677541255950928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0655873715877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.060991764068603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998997260","https://openalex.org/W2003696872","https://openalex.org/W2011195592","https://openalex.org/W2020004539","https://openalex.org/W2037202266","https://openalex.org/W2041184482","https://openalex.org/W2125761640","https://openalex.org/W2171344603","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2321482666","https://openalex.org/W2466132680","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2582566895","https://openalex.org/W2603309785","https://openalex.org/W2767689241","https://openalex.org/W2775242587","https://openalex.org/W2802220396","https://openalex.org/W2803716159","https://openalex.org/W2911360762","https://openalex.org/W2916909768","https://openalex.org/W2944994884","https://openalex.org/W2946882019","https://openalex.org/W2947703530","https://openalex.org/W2972262484","https://openalex.org/W2978354175","https://openalex.org/W3008651981","https://openalex.org/W3011432831","https://openalex.org/W3013341479","https://openalex.org/W3015987273","https://openalex.org/W3020649642","https://openalex.org/W3024756036","https://openalex.org/W3025892469","https://openalex.org/W3037068793","https://openalex.org/W3084053006","https://openalex.org/W3094643344","https://openalex.org/W3107563704","https://openalex.org/W3123004122","https://openalex.org/W3130873488","https://openalex.org/W3155589008","https://openalex.org/W3159678624","https://openalex.org/W3166420679","https://openalex.org/W3172325092","https://openalex.org/W3205122553","https://openalex.org/W3205834007","https://openalex.org/W4220810761","https://openalex.org/W4224217219","https://openalex.org/W4312532753","https://openalex.org/W4380841381","https://openalex.org/W4387879092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085344215","https://openalex.org/W2306779016","https://openalex.org/W183525849","https://openalex.org/W2108512031","https://openalex.org/W2130871456","https://openalex.org/W2063755384","https://openalex.org/W2048409327","https://openalex.org/W2153306223","https://openalex.org/W2997015357","https://openalex.org/W2390117385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"developed":[1],"a":[2,101],"random":[3],"forest":[4],"model":[5,77,104],"to":[6,52,145],"predict":[7],"soil":[8,53,83,129],"moisture":[9,84,130],"at":[10],"the":[11,37,66,106,123],"field":[12],"scale":[13],"(\u223c1":[14],"km),":[15],"combining":[16],"6.5":[17],"years":[18],"of":[19,36,105,128],"CYGNSS":[20],"Global":[21,67],"Navigation":[22],"Satellite":[23],"System":[24],"Reflectometry":[25],"(GNSS-R)":[26],"data":[27],"with":[28],"observations":[29],"from":[30,65,73,131],"1049":[31],"gauges":[32],"which":[33,94,134],"are":[34],"part":[35],"International":[38],"Soil":[39],"Moisture":[40],"Network.":[41],"Several":[42],"relevant":[43],"predictor":[44],"variables":[45,62],"were":[46],"developed,":[47],"including":[48,63],"geophysical":[49],"parameters":[50],"related":[51],"properties,":[54],"topography,":[55],"land":[56],"cover":[57],"and":[58,60,70,142,147,154],"climatology,":[59],"dynamic":[61],"precipitation":[64],"Precipitation":[68],"Mission":[69],"evapotranspiration":[71],"derived":[72],"MODIS":[74],"temperature.":[75],"The":[76],"achieved":[78],"good":[79],"accuracy":[80],"for":[81,108,125],"predicted":[82],"(R<sup":[85,111],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[86,112],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[87,113],"=":[88,91,114,117],"0.68;":[89],"RMSE":[90,116],"0.064":[92],"mm/mm),":[93],"was":[95],"further":[96,137],"improved":[97,138],"through":[98,139],"postprocessing":[99],"using":[100],"linear":[102],"regression":[103],"residuals":[107],"bias":[109],"correction":[110],"0.82;":[115],"0.048":[118],"mm/mm).":[119],"Our":[120],"work":[121],"demonstrates":[122],"potential":[124],"field-scale":[126],"prediction":[127],"GNSS-R":[132,149],"data,":[133],"may":[135],"be":[136],"enhanced":[140],"co-variates,":[141],"is":[143],"applicable":[144],"recent":[146],"near-future":[148],"missions":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152],"Rongowai":[153],"HydroGNSS.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}