{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402261573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168","title":"Remote Sensing Impact of Single-Photon Sensitive Airborne Lidar Systems Based on Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Arrays","display_name":"Remote Sensing Impact of Single-Photon Sensitive Airborne Lidar Systems Based on Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Arrays","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402261573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060569066","display_name":"M. Javed Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-6847"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020726213","display_name":"L. Skelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Skelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039632784","display_name":"Alexandru N. Vasile","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Vasile","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110736240","display_name":"T. J. G. Francis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Francis","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040189205","display_name":"John Drover","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Drover","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059503605","display_name":"D. Rivera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8792-7586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085042791","display_name":"R. E. Hatch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Hatch","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000422477","display_name":"Daniel Dumanis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Dumanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031279936","display_name":"Keith R. McIntosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-6071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K McIntosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080723064","display_name":"Jonathan P. Frechette","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Frechette","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004390810","display_name":"M. Myszka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Myszka","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111433381","display_name":"Erik K. Duerr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Duerr","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111443693","display_name":"T. Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027011575","display_name":"M. Bury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Bury","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107013297","display_name":"P. Consalvo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Consalvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085339279","display_name":"Jakeya Sultana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2655-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sultana","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111316108","display_name":"J. J. Zayhowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Zayhowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107836591","display_name":"K. Burkett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-4744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Burkett","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107830818","display_name":"Chris A. Rowe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110436337","display_name":"Roland H. Krauss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Krauss","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory,Lexington,MA,02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021369597","display_name":"Brandon Call","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Call","raw_affiliation_strings":["3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059259329","display_name":"Christopher Reichert","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Reichert","raw_affiliation_strings":["3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003637850","display_name":"Daniel Fried","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-2558"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Fried","raw_affiliation_strings":["3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3DEO Inc.,Norwood,MA,02062","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"2455","last_page":"2459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.907058596611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geiger-counter","display_name":"Geiger counter","score":0.8442963361740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8237793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","score":0.6385678648948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-counting","display_name":"Photon counting","score":0.5607873201370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.5145460963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5013468265533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.4689925014972687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46816229820251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.4675770103931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.45842209458351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4448365569114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36426877975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3385350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3042639493942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.24471399188041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1568467915058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09225630760192871}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.907058596611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88033656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48171","display_name":"Geiger counter","level":2,"score":0.8442963361740112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8237793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.6385678648948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.5607873201370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.5145460963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5013468265533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.4689925014972687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46816229820251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4675770103931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.45842209458351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4448365569114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36426877975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3385350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3042639493942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.24471399188041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1568467915058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09225630760192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641168","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858776530","https://openalex.org/W1977776838","https://openalex.org/W2092261485","https://openalex.org/W2131487317","https://openalex.org/W2132489147","https://openalex.org/W2200991964","https://openalex.org/W2253778276","https://openalex.org/W4234698265","https://openalex.org/W4281682262","https://openalex.org/W4281857938","https://openalex.org/W4320803469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989987871","https://openalex.org/W2010143962","https://openalex.org/W1522581945","https://openalex.org/W2035885782","https://openalex.org/W2021007090","https://openalex.org/W2317801534","https://openalex.org/W1979221943","https://openalex.org/W4321519289","https://openalex.org/W2051523801","https://openalex.org/W1599479652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Development":[0],"of":[1,30,43,71,83,128],"large":[2],"format":[3],"photon-counting":[4],"Geiger-mode":[5],"avalanche":[6],"photodiode":[7],"(Gm-APD)":[8],"focal":[9,112],"plane":[10,113],"arrays":[11,114],"by":[12],"MIT":[13],"Lincoln":[14,24],"Laboratory":[15,25],"[1]":[16],"has":[17,26],"revolutionized":[18],"airborne":[19,33,117],"lidar":[20,34],"3D":[21,45,118],"mapping":[22],"capability.":[23],"developed":[27],"multiple":[28],"generations":[29],"Gm-APD":[31,111],"based":[32],"systems":[35,75,131],"for":[36,80,93],"US":[37],"government":[38],"customers":[39],"that":[40,85],"are":[41],"capable":[42],"collecting":[44],"data":[46],"from":[47],"high-altitudes":[48],"(>":[49],"6":[50],"km)":[51],"with":[52],"higharea":[53],"collection":[54],"rates":[55],"(100\u2019s":[56],"km<sup":[57],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[58,66],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>/hr)":[59],"at":[60],"point":[61],"densities":[62],"(~":[63],"100":[64],"point/m<sup":[65],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>)":[67],"and":[68,89,96,115],"vertical":[69],"resolutions":[70],"18":[72],"cm.":[73],"These":[74],"have":[76,132],"been":[77],"used":[78],"operationally":[79],"a":[81],"variety":[82],"missions":[84],"include":[86],"humanitarian":[87],"assistance":[88],"disaster":[90],"relief,":[91],"support":[92],"military":[94],"operations":[95],"imaging":[97],"under":[98],"heavy":[99],"forest":[100],"canopy":[101],"obscuration.":[102],"This":[103],"paper":[104],"briefly":[105],"reviews":[106],"the":[107,116,137],"key":[108],"enabling":[109],"technology,":[110],"remote":[119],"sensing":[120],"capabilities":[121],"they":[122],"enable.":[123],"It":[124],"then":[125],"presents":[126],"examples":[127],"how":[129],"these":[130],"delivered":[133],"operational":[134],"impact":[135],"across":[136],"aforementioned":[138],"mission.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}