{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402260734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891","title":"Comparing Machine Learning and Classical Approaches for Detection of Camouflage Targets in Hyperspectral Data","display_name":"Comparing Machine Learning and Classical Approaches for Detection of Camouflage Targets in Hyperspectral Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402260734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W. Gross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79463011","display_name":"Analysis Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044jp1563","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006962251","display_name":"Simon Schreiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7209-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79463011","display_name":"Analysis Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044jp1563","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Schreiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074710648","display_name":"Jannick Kuester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9699-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79463011","display_name":"Analysis Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044jp1563","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kuester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085429073","display_name":"Andreas Michel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1789-9104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79463011","display_name":"Analysis Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044jp1563","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Michel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075370224","display_name":"Wolfgang Middelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-7396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79463011","display_name":"Analysis Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044jp1563","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Middelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Analysis Group,Fraunhofer IOSB,Ettlingen,DE-76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068046480","display_name":"Marius V\u00f6gtli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-2788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117728","display_name":"Center For Remote Sensing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wvg932","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. V\u00f6gtli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728","https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093097344","display_name":"L. Sierro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117728","display_name":"Center For Remote Sensing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wvg932","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Sierro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728","https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080530231","display_name":"Mathias Kneub\u00fchler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117728","display_name":"Center For Remote Sensing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wvg932","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kneub\u00fchler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich,Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL),Zurich,CH-8057","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728","https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79463011"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23778858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"7995","last_page":"7999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.9505807161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9228081703186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6800251007080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.599790096282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46661439538002014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.9505807161331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9228081703186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800251007080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.599790096282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46661439538002014}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.5167/uzh-262874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/478234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/478234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W2041710538","https://openalex.org/W2125341398","https://openalex.org/W2176857088","https://openalex.org/W2535157787","https://openalex.org/W2793272303","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W3080813392","https://openalex.org/W3129771090","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4250024550","https://openalex.org/W4307938111","https://openalex.org/W4385800872","https://openalex.org/W4387803972","https://openalex.org/W4387828989","https://openalex.org/W6636501900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,191],"compares":[2],"two":[3],"machine":[4,21,61,158,200],"learning":[5,22,62,159,201],"pixel":[6],"classifiers":[7],"with":[8,54,153,170],"classical":[9,203],"approaches":[10,160,204],"for":[11,23,51,76,167,205],"detecting":[12],"camouflage":[13,58,206],"targets":[14,53],"in":[15,40,96,150,209],"hyperspectral":[16,24,119,210],"data.":[17,211],"Recent":[18],"applications":[19],"of":[20,110,189,199],"data":[25,120],"exploitation":[26],"show":[27,141,164],"good":[28],"land":[29],"cover":[30],"classification":[31],"results.":[32],"However,":[33],"the":[34,38,67,92,111,116,133,143,146,168,176,184,195],"spectral":[35,83],"differences":[36],"between":[37],"classes":[39,169],"those":[41],"studies":[42],"are":[43,64,89],"usually":[44],"very":[45],"high.":[46],"We":[47,114],"evaluate":[48,115],"their":[49],"performance":[50],"classifying":[52],"similar":[55],"spectra,":[56],"specifically":[57],"objects.":[59],"The":[60,101,139,157,173,187],"results":[63,117,140,166],"compared":[65],"to":[66,193],"established":[68],"ACE":[69,174],"and":[70,86,136,162,197,202],"SVM":[71,144],"multiclass":[72],"classifiers.":[73],"Input":[74],"parameters":[75],"all":[77],"approaches,":[78],"such":[79],"as":[80],"training":[81],"data,":[82],"class":[84],"references,":[85],"background":[87],"information,":[88],"extracted":[90],"from":[91,121],"same":[93,112],"label":[94],"set":[95],"a":[97,127],"single":[98],"flight":[99],"line.":[100],"evaluation":[102],"is":[103],"carried":[104],"out":[105],"on":[106,118],"15":[107],"different":[108],"datasets":[109],"area.":[113],"an":[122],"elaborate":[123],"measurement":[124],"campaign":[125],"using":[126,132],"drone-borne":[128],"HySpex":[129],"Mjolnir":[130],"VS-620":[131],"combined":[134],"VNIR":[135],"SWIR":[137],"information.":[138],"that":[142],"produces":[145],"best":[147,177],"overall":[148,181],"accuracy":[149,182],"this":[151,190],"experiment":[152],"highly":[154],"unbalanced":[155],"classes.":[156],"PGBS-HSI":[161],"SpectralFormer":[163],"better":[165],"fewer":[171],"samples.":[172],"has":[175],"average":[178],"but":[179],"lowest":[180],"among":[183],"tested":[185],"methods.":[186],"findings":[188],"contribute":[192],"understanding":[194],"strengths":[196],"limitations":[198],"target":[207],"detection":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}