{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387829019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199","title":"The Dielectric Constant of Sea Water and Extension to High Salinity","display_name":"The Dielectric Constant of Sea Water and Extension to High Salinity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387829019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010761223","display_name":"David M. Le Vine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-0741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.M. Le Vine","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064887063","display_name":"Yiwen Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,Birmensdorf,Switzerland","Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,Birmensdorf,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041574827","display_name":"Roger H. Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6081-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University,Washington,DC,USA,29952"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University,Washington,DC,USA,29952","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060173842","display_name":"Emmanuel P. Dinnat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Dinnat","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027530711","display_name":"Yan Soldo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1738-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Soldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESA/ESTEC,Noordwijk,The Netherlands,2201"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA/ESTEC,Noordwijk,The Netherlands,2201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057164995","display_name":"Paolo de Matthaeis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. de Matthaeis","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771","University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,MD,USA,20771","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010761223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51911404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"3991","last_page":"3993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.7880873084068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.7356435060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.7067610025405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.6705939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seawater","display_name":"Seawater","score":0.5183423757553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.40661460161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.34486931562423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3195241391658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.30346381664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27219945192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1157011091709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08087542653083801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.7880873084068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.7356435060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.7067610025405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6705939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197248824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184395","display_name":"Seawater","level":2,"score":0.5183423757553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40661460161209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34486931562423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3195241391658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.30346381664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27219945192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1157011091709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08087542653083801}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss52108.2023.10282199","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:wsl_35627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A35627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W847111189","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2079472124","https://openalex.org/W2146705192","https://openalex.org/W2164873977","https://openalex.org/W2165827997","https://openalex.org/W2946571005","https://openalex.org/W3020380314","https://openalex.org/W3095644137","https://openalex.org/W3119445900","https://openalex.org/W3156501644","https://openalex.org/W4296437320","https://openalex.org/W4312791456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977713103","https://openalex.org/W757470175","https://openalex.org/W2382606443","https://openalex.org/W2384871955","https://openalex.org/W4389066043","https://openalex.org/W2351415812","https://openalex.org/W2073142107","https://openalex.org/W2348922951","https://openalex.org/W2515813850","https://openalex.org/W2182967931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"knowledge":[1],"of":[2,6,14,30,43,57,70,122,149,176,237,269],"the":[3,58,66,68,74,89,111,120,138,155,164,168,174,186,189,217,222,245,263],"dielectric":[4,59,139,190,218],"constant":[5,60,140,191,219],"sea":[7,19,24],"water":[8,102],"is":[9,153,209,265],"important":[10],"for":[11,137,188,232],"remote":[12,235],"sensing":[13,236],"surface":[15,20,25],"parameters":[16,166],"such":[17],"as":[18],"temperature":[21,160],"(SST)":[22],"and":[23,39,52,125,159,178,224,262],"salinity":[26,71,118,158,238,271],"(SSS).":[27],"The":[28,151],"advent":[29],"sensors":[31],"in":[32,73,88,115,128,157,167],"space,":[33],"SMOS":[34],"[1]":[35],",":[36,50,55,240,242,244,253],"Aquarius":[37],"[2]":[38],"SMAP":[40],"[3]":[41],"capable":[42],"measuring":[44],"SSS":[45,177],"motivated":[46],"modern":[47],"measurements":[48,247],"[4]":[49,252],"[5]":[51,54,254],"modelling":[53],"[6]":[56],"at":[61,227,249,258],"L-band":[62],"(1.4":[63],"GHz).":[64],"In":[65,230],"past,":[67],"range":[69,175,201],"included":[72],"data":[75],"used":[76,161,180],"to":[77,84,146,162,181,205,211,266],"create":[78],"these":[79],"models":[80,136,169,187],"has":[81],"been":[82],"restricted":[83],"values":[85,148,268],"typically":[86],"encountered":[87],"open":[90],"ocean":[91,223],"(e.g.,":[92],"less":[93],"than":[94],"40":[95],"psu).":[96,275],"However,":[97],"there":[98],"are":[99,110,170,255],"many":[100],"smaller":[101],"bodies":[103],"with":[104,117,130],"much":[105],"higher":[106,132,147],"salinity.":[107,133,150,229],"Notable":[108],"examples":[109],"Great":[112],"Salt":[113],"Lake":[114],"Utah":[116],"on":[119],"order":[121],"180":[123],"psu":[124],"Garabogazk\u00f6l":[126],"lagoon":[127],"Turkmenistan":[129],"even":[131],"Unfortunately,":[134],"existing":[135],"can\u2019t":[141],"necessarily":[142],"just":[143],"be":[144,193],"extended":[145],"problem":[152],"that":[154,197,200,215],"polynomials":[156],"represent":[163],"unknown":[165],"not":[171],"constrained":[172],"outside":[173,199],"SST":[179],"determine":[182],"their":[183],"coefficients.":[184],"While":[185],"may":[192],"very":[194],"good":[195],"within":[196],"range,":[198],"they":[202],"can":[203],"lead":[204],"unrealistic":[206],"behavior.":[207],"Research":[208],"underway":[210],"develop":[212],"a":[213],"model":[214],"represents":[216],"well":[220,226],"over":[221],"behaves":[225],"high":[228,270],"preparation":[231],"possible":[233],"wideband":[234],"[7]":[239],"[8]":[241],"[9]":[243],"laboratory":[246],"made":[248],"1.413":[250],"GHz":[251,260],"being":[256],"repeated":[257],"0.707":[259],"(P-band)":[261],"plan":[264],"include":[267],"(50,":[272],"100,":[273],"150":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}