{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206507216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","title":"Possible Evidence of Earthquake Precursors Observed in Ionospheric Scintillation Events Observed from Spaceborne GNSS-R Data","display_name":"Possible Evidence of Earthquake Precursors Observed in Ionospheric Scintillation Events Observed from Spaceborne GNSS-R Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206507216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","mag":"3206507216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/364332","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101756981","display_name":"Carlos Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092024","display_name":"Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6njn28","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017101241","display_name":"Badr-Eddine Boudriki Semlali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-4808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092024","display_name":"Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6njn28","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. E. Boudriki Semlali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069057625","display_name":"Hyuk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-0802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092024","display_name":"Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6njn28","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073492252","display_name":"Adriano Camps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092024","display_name":"Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6njn28","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Camps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech,CommSensLab - UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC) - CTE-UPC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CommSensLab - UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101756981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092024","https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8357341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8680","last_page":"8683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.8801042437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.7006286382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6606324315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplanetary-scintillation","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","score":0.623600959777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather","display_name":"Space weather","score":0.6101218461990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5803441405296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithosphere","display_name":"Lithosphere","score":0.4665769040584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.4312683939933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4156797230243683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.38548988103866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.3627551198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3477938771247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33593398332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33367305994033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23332059383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.21959906816482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.16707372665405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonics","display_name":"Tectonics","score":0.15154969692230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.10529881715774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronal-mass-ejection","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","score":0.09361386299133301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.8801042437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.7006286382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6606324315071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10880902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056358","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","level":5,"score":0.623600959777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151325931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584093","display_name":"Space weather","level":2,"score":0.6101218461990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5803441405296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16942324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83296","display_name":"Lithosphere","level":3,"score":0.4665769040584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.4312683939933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4156797230243683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.38548988103866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.3627551198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3477938771247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33593398332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33367305994033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23332059383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.21959906816482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.16707372665405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.15154969692230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10529881715774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72886185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129890","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","level":4,"score":0.09361386299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/364332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/364332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/364332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/364332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207057","display_name":"QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme","issn_l":"2014-9689","issn":["2014-9689","2385-6777"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322448","host_organization_name":"Q71272178","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322448"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Q71272178"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8181105605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542479991","https://openalex.org/W2767694590","https://openalex.org/W2900796412","https://openalex.org/W3042352589","https://openalex.org/W3046007684","https://openalex.org/W3093476748","https://openalex.org/W3105519650","https://openalex.org/W3105729531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2943215110","https://openalex.org/W1973014775","https://openalex.org/W2579882030","https://openalex.org/W2610474750","https://openalex.org/W2596989700","https://openalex.org/W4387398140","https://openalex.org/W3130682789","https://openalex.org/W2116984107","https://openalex.org/W1909438361","https://openalex.org/W2507930944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"factors":[1,33],"may":[2,70,100],"induce":[3],"perturbations":[4,66],"on":[5],"the":[6,31,35,46,68,84,91,112,117,165],"ionospheric":[7,51,118],"plasma,":[8],"changing":[9,18],"its":[10,19],"average":[11],"electron":[12],"density":[13],"and":[14,21,25,41,97,106,133],"creating":[15],"small-scale":[16],"irregularities,":[17],"shape":[20],"altitude.":[22],"Solar":[23],"irradiance":[24],"space":[26],"weather":[27],"are":[28,93,169],"some":[29],"of":[30,55,65,103],"main":[32],"affecting":[34],"ionosphere.":[36,113],"They":[37],"produce":[38],"a":[39],"seasonal":[40],"daily":[42],"dependence,":[43],"modulated":[44],"by":[45,130,151],"solar":[47,57],"cycle,":[48],"with":[49,111,137,146,159],"more":[50],"activity":[52],"during":[53],"periods":[54],"higher":[56],"activity.":[58],"Recent":[59],"studies":[60],"shows":[61],"that":[62,99],"another":[63],"source":[64],"for":[67],"ionosphere":[69],"be":[71],"related":[72],"to":[73,95],"internal":[74],"Earth":[75],"parameters":[76],"as":[77],"seismic":[78],"activity,":[79],"in":[80,90,140,157,164,171],"particular,":[81],"earthquakes.":[82],"In":[83,114],"period":[85],"before":[86],"an":[87],"earthquake,":[88],"rocks":[89],"lithosphere":[92],"subjected":[94],"pressures":[96],"movements":[98],"create":[101],"variations":[102],"electromagnetic":[104],"fields":[105],"low":[107],"frequency":[108],"waves":[109],"interacting":[110],"this":[115,172],"work,":[116],"scintillation":[119],"intensity":[120],"index":[121],"or":[122],"S4":[123],"is":[124,135,144],"estimated":[125],"from":[126],"GNSS-R":[127],"data":[128],"collected":[129],"NASA":[131],"CYGNSS,":[132],"it":[134,143],"correlated":[136],"earthquakes":[138,156],"events":[139],"2020.":[141],"Furthermore,":[142],"compared":[145],"plasma":[147],"fluctuation":[148],"indices":[149],"measured":[150],"ESA":[152],"Swarm":[153],"satellites.":[154],"Two":[155],"2020":[158],"magnitudes":[160],"larger":[161],"than":[162],"7":[163],"central":[166],"America":[167],"region":[168],"shown":[170],"work.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}