{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158269455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","title":"A Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework for Building Footprint Segmentation","display_name":"A Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework for Building Footprint Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158269455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","mag":"3158269455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09375","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030113869","display_name":"Burak Ekim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Burak Ekim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Institute of Informatics, Satellite Communication and Remote Sensing Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Turkey,34469"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Informatics, Satellite Communication and Remote Sensing Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Turkey,34469","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041935848","display_name":"Elif Sertel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-494X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elif Sertel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Geomatics Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Turkey,34469"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geomatics Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Satellite Communications and Remote Sensing, Istanbul Technical University,Istanbul,Turkey,34469","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030113869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05336993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2500","last_page":"2503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.7982149124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7695367336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7370849847793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7305514812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6359385251998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6061328649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.5801836252212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5002701282501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4281246066093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3995404839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09207716584205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06886407732963562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.7982149124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7695367336273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7370849847793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7305514812469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6359385251998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6061328649520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.5801836252212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5002701282501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4281246066093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3995404839515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09207716584205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06886407732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.09375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09375","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3158269455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/43372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/43372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.09375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.09375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.09375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09375","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09375","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2624871570","https://openalex.org/W2626792426","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2895387432","https://openalex.org/W2962743139","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W2971095420","https://openalex.org/W2975043431","https://openalex.org/W2984366536","https://openalex.org/W3016947168","https://openalex.org/W3036359255","https://openalex.org/W3107070550","https://openalex.org/W3125832420","https://openalex.org/W6739365718","https://openalex.org/W6739811675","https://openalex.org/W6745995898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205771939","https://openalex.org/W2963677766","https://openalex.org/W2938544580","https://openalex.org/W3211022685","https://openalex.org/W3201233159","https://openalex.org/W3109889001","https://openalex.org/W3155211092","https://openalex.org/W2891303672","https://openalex.org/W3160470303","https://openalex.org/W2527776164","https://openalex.org/W3100331755","https://openalex.org/W3139362308","https://openalex.org/W2980237278","https://openalex.org/W2777623412","https://openalex.org/W2901762548","https://openalex.org/W3185498614","https://openalex.org/W2972600963","https://openalex.org/W2564411842","https://openalex.org/W2971941603","https://openalex.org/W2605951450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"task":[1,67,101,146],"of":[2,12,30,68,98,106,132,144,158],"building":[3,69,80],"footprint":[4,70,81],"segmentation":[5,53,83],"has":[6],"been":[7],"well-studied":[8],"in":[9,21,36,125],"the":[10,28,37,66,85,89,95,104,141,152,156,159,166],"context":[11],"remote":[13],"sensing":[14],"(RS)":[15],"as":[16,34,163],"it":[17,48,164],"provides":[18],"valuable":[19],"information":[20],"many":[22],"aspects,":[23],"however,":[24],"difficulties":[25],"brought":[26],"by":[27,59,129],"nature":[29],"RS":[31],"images":[32],"such":[33],"variations":[35],"spatial":[38],"arrangements":[39],"and":[40,72,79,173],"in-consistent":[41],"constructional":[42],"patterns":[43],"require":[44],"studying":[45],"further,":[46],"since":[47],"often":[49],"causes":[50],"poorly":[51],"classified":[52],"maps.":[54],"We":[55],"address":[56],"this":[57],"need":[58],"designing":[60],"a":[61,99,113],"joint":[62,133],"optimization":[63],"scheme":[64],"for":[65],"delineation":[71],"introducing":[73],"two":[74],"auxiliary":[75,107],"tasks;":[76],"image":[77],"reconstruction":[78],"boundary":[82],"with":[84,136],"intent":[86],"to":[87,93,171],"reveal":[88],"common":[90],"underlying":[91],"structure":[92],"advance":[94],"classification":[96,167],"accuracy":[97,168],"single":[100],"model":[102],"under":[103],"favor":[105],"tasks.":[108,176],"In":[109],"particular,":[110],"we":[111],"propose":[112],"deep":[114],"multi-task":[115],"learning":[116],"(MTL)":[117],"based":[118],"unified":[119],"fully":[120],"convolutional":[121],"framework":[122,162],"which":[123],"operates":[124],"an":[126],"end-to-end":[127],"manner":[128],"making":[130],"use":[131],"loss":[134,138],"function":[135],"learnable":[137],"weights":[139],"considering":[140],"homoscedastic":[142],"uncertainty":[143],"each":[145],"loss.":[147],"Experimental":[148],"results":[149],"conducted":[150],"on":[151],"SpaceNet6":[153],"dataset":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"potential":[157],"proposed":[160],"MTL":[161],"improves":[165],"greatly":[169],"compared":[170],"single-task":[172],"lesser":[174],"compounded":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}