{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205659473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","title":"Ensemble CNN with Enhanced Feature Subspaces for Imbalanced Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"Ensemble CNN with Enhanced Feature Subspaces for Imbalanced Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205659473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","mag":"3205659473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084049234","display_name":"Qinzhe Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinzhe Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068336830","display_name":"Wei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008256662","display_name":"Yinghui Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of remote sensing science and technology, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Advanced Remote Sensing Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429992","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-3389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044570096","display_name":"Gabriel Dauphin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-6702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091279","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/0199hds37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Dauphin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Information Processing and Transmission, L2TI, Institut Galil\u00e9, University Paris XIII, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Processing and Transmission, L2TI, Institut Galil\u00e9, University Paris XIII, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066378186","display_name":"Lianru Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-8124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianru Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101549033","display_name":"Guoping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-4436"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil Land Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of the Loess Plateau, Shaan Xi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil Land Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of the Loess Plateau, Shaan Xi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3669","last_page":"3672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7650788426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7569349408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7456272840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7163358926773071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6707163453102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6082563996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.604432225227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.5918897986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5180647373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45788800716400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4563707411289215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.44192183017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41728657484054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4166909456253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.28561729192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16523009538650513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7650788426399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7569349408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7456272840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7163358926773071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6707163453102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6082563996315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.604432225227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.5918897986412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5180647373199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45788800716400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4563707411289215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44192183017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41728657484054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4166909456253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28561729192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16523009538650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03915589v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03915589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Jul 2021, Brussels, France. pp.3669-3672, ⟨10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554677⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7615443493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772397,12005169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018732570","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099550922","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2558391528","https://openalex.org/W2761430711","https://openalex.org/W2794124609","https://openalex.org/W2899003677","https://openalex.org/W2950179405","https://openalex.org/W2953926847","https://openalex.org/W2957718075","https://openalex.org/W4302190632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2343470940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolution":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"(CNN)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"successfully":[6],"applied":[7],"to":[8,59],"hyperspectral":[9,72],"image":[10],"classification.":[11,66],"However,":[12],"multiclass":[13],"imbalance":[14],"is":[15,51],"a":[16,41],"major":[17],"problem":[18],"in":[19],"the":[20,32,61,76,80],"classification":[21],"of":[22,34],"hyper":[23],"spectral":[24],"images,":[25],"and":[26,63,83],"traditional":[27,81],"CNN":[28,44,82,85],"can":[29],"hardly":[30],"improve":[31],"accuracy":[33],"minority":[35],"classes":[36],"effectively.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"new":[42],"ensemble":[43,84],"with":[45],"enhanced":[46],"feature":[47],"subspaces":[48],"(ECNN-EFSs)":[49],"algorithm":[50,78],"proposed,":[52],"which":[53],"utilizes":[54],"an":[55],"imbalanced":[56],"training":[57],"set":[58],"train":[60],"model":[62],"achieves":[64],"accurate":[65],"Experimental":[67],"results":[68],"on":[69],"two":[70],"common":[71],"datasets":[73],"show":[74],"that":[75],"proposed":[77],"outperforms":[79],"algorithms.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}