{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195131680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","title":"Aperture Synthesis and Calibration of the WBSCAT Ground-Based Scatterometer","display_name":"Aperture Synthesis and Calibration of the WBSCAT Ground-Based Scatterometer","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195131680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","mag":"3195131680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063888835","display_name":"Charles Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-0220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155440","display_name":"Gamma Remote Sensing (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05spbxe41","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062774484","display_name":"Othmar Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-6087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155440","display_name":"Gamma Remote Sensing (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05spbxe41","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othmar Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052658225","display_name":"Reza Naderpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Naderpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023981441","display_name":"Andreas Wiesmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-2887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155440","display_name":"Gamma Remote Sensing (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05spbxe41","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Wiesmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062513473","display_name":"Martin S\u00fcess","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-8266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Suess","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC), Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049820694","display_name":"U. Wegm\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-8970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155440","display_name":"Gamma Remote Sensing (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05spbxe41","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urs Wegmuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, G\u00fcmligen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063888835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63083142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1947","last_page":"1949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.8152939677238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.813788890838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8016738891601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6165320873260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.5845988988876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5513290762901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5208216905593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5026674270629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.4599752426147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.45245277881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.44803285598754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4090040922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.36731839179992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3658002018928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2852914333343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27021536231040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.23425215482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.17165976762771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10835731029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.08524054288864136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.8152939677238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.813788890838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8016738891601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6165320873260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.5845988988876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5513290762901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5208216905593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5026674270629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.4599752426147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.45245277881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.44803285598754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4090040922164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36731839179992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3658002018928528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2852914333343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27021536231040955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.23425215482711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.17165976762771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10835731029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08524054288864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554592","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:wsl_30817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A30817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900848046","https://openalex.org/W2985467758","https://openalex.org/W2988167735","https://openalex.org/W6769809047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322714012","https://openalex.org/W2143495201","https://openalex.org/W2070850297","https://openalex.org/W2146056128","https://openalex.org/W2113437624","https://openalex.org/W3130749594","https://openalex.org/W4402262504","https://openalex.org/W2566865967","https://openalex.org/W2142726197","https://openalex.org/W2054436446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WBSCAT":[0,43,88,140],"is":[1,45,74,78,137],"a":[2,48,82,112,118,133,149],"polarimetric":[3],"scatterometer":[4],"developed":[5],"for":[6,11,29,156],"the":[7,20,54,66,105,122,154],"European":[8],"Space":[9],"Agency":[10],"measuring":[12],"microwave":[13],"signatures":[14],"of":[15,19,100,107,121,135,148],"snow":[16],"in":[17,65,129],"support":[18],"SnowLab":[21],"and":[22,40],"SnowLab-NG":[23,25],"projects.":[24],"includes":[26],"feasibility":[27],"studies":[28],"ESA":[30],"candidate":[31],"satellite":[32],"missions":[33],"operating":[34],"at":[35,141],"L-Band":[36],"such":[37,85],"as":[38,86],"ROSE-L":[39],"Hydroterra.":[41],"The":[42],"instrument":[44],"based":[46],"on":[47],"vector":[49],"network":[50],"analyzer":[51],"to":[52,68,92,97],"cover":[53],"1\u201340":[55],"GHz":[56],"frequency":[57],"range,":[58],"including":[59],"L-Band.":[60],"Using":[61,124],"ground-based":[62],"data":[63,70],"collected":[64,71],"near-field":[67,94,108],"model":[69],"by":[72,110,132],"satellites":[73],"challenging":[75],"when":[76],"there":[77],"volume":[79,120],"scattering":[80],"from":[81,145],"thick":[83],"layer":[84],"snowpack.":[87,123],"has":[89],"been":[90],"constructed":[91],"use":[93],"aperture":[95,125],"synthesis":[96],"permit":[98],"focusing":[99],"backscatter":[101],"data.":[102],"Focusing":[103],"mitigates":[104],"effects":[106],"operation":[109],"synthesizing":[111],"narrow":[113],"antenna":[114],"beam":[115],"that":[116],"illuminates":[117],"smaller":[119],"synthesis,":[126],"an":[127],"improvement":[128],"azimuth":[130],"resolution":[131],"factor":[134],"6":[136],"possible":[138],"with":[139],"L-band.":[142],"Initial":[143],"results":[144],"phase":[146],"calibration":[147,150],"target":[151],"response":[152],"show":[153],"potential":[155],"this":[157],"approach.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
