{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206762016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","title":"Classifying Sea Ice Types from SAR Images Using a U-Net-Based Deep Learning Model","display_name":"Classifying Sea Ice Types from SAR Images Using a U-Net-Based Deep Learning Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206762016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","mag":"3206762016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101623446","display_name":"Yan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-7885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015596416","display_name":"Yibin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347672","display_name":"Xiaofeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Qingdao,China,266071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101623446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79195192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3502","last_page":"3505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7825122475624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6468016505241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.5242060422897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5140934586524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47647973895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.44284191727638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42586591839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4019264578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.23721420764923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1710108518600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.14806631207466125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7825122475624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6468016505241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.5242060422897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5140934586524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47647973895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.44284191727638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42586591839790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4019264578819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.23721420764923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1710108518600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.14806631207466125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2177418713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19060101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3287054562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19060101,XDA19090103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5253703903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M662452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8090204676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JZZY010102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021071797","https://openalex.org/W2151477007","https://openalex.org/W2773517595","https://openalex.org/W2901509629","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2937184452","https://openalex.org/W2989194957","https://openalex.org/W3011560410","https://openalex.org/W3040593397","https://openalex.org/W3042493930","https://openalex.org/W3043280208","https://openalex.org/W3063084726","https://openalex.org/W3089849822","https://openalex.org/W3132784030","https://openalex.org/W3215978186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004595093","https://openalex.org/W1966995324","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W1636101495","https://openalex.org/W4249616540","https://openalex.org/W3159851593","https://openalex.org/W1982253424","https://openalex.org/W4252699458","https://openalex.org/W4210966920","https://openalex.org/W2550009779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0],"ice":[1,27,50,53,64,114],"type's":[2],"classification":[3],"plays":[4],"an":[5,117],"essential":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,25,37,116],"Arctic":[9],"marine":[10],"navigation.":[11],"Synthetic":[12],"Aperture":[13],"Radar":[14],"(SAR)":[15],"is":[16,22,30],"independent":[17],"of":[18,100],"weather":[19],"conditions":[20],"and":[21,55,90,97,106],"widely":[23],"used":[24],"sea":[26,113],"classification.":[28,39],"U-Net":[29,86],"a":[31,43],"well-performed":[32],"deep":[33],"learning":[34],"(DL)":[35],"framework":[36],"image":[38],"This":[40],"study":[41],"constructs":[42],"U-Net-based":[44],"\u201cend-to-end\u201d":[45,118],"model":[46,87,110],"to":[47,81],"classify":[48,112],"multi-year":[49],"(MYI),":[51],"first-year":[52],"(FYI),":[54],"open":[56],"water.":[57],"We":[58],"label":[59],"the":[60,68,85,95,98,101],"SAR":[61],"images":[62,76],"by":[63,67],"chart":[65],"provided":[66],"U.S.":[69],"National":[70],"Ice":[71],"Center":[72],"(USNIC).":[73],"The":[74,108],"labeled":[75],"are":[77,104],"divided":[78],"into":[79,84],"chips":[80],"be":[82],"fed":[83],"for":[88],"training":[89],"testing.":[91],"Experiments":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94],"precision":[96],"recall":[99],"testing":[102],"set":[103],"89.55%":[105],"89.46%.":[107],"proposed":[109],"can":[111],"types":[115],"way":[119],"with":[120],"high":[121],"accuracy.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
