{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205115257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","title":"Estimating South African Maize Biomass Using Integrated High-Resolution UAV and Sentinel 1 and 2 Datasets","display_name":"Estimating South African Maize Biomass Using Integrated High-Resolution UAV and Sentinel 1 and 2 Datasets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205115257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","mag":"3205115257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004803712","display_name":"Laven Naidoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7091-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laven Naidoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037081105","display_name":"Russell Main","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Main","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022441956","display_name":"Moses Azong Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses A. Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060211036","display_name":"Sabelo Madonsela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabelo Madonsela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040136318","display_name":"Nobuhle Majozi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-4250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuhle Majozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture Unit, Advanced Food, Agriculture and Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004803712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76558842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1594","last_page":"1596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.6550694704055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.590787947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5787216424942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4369228184223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4363192319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.4329048991203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42741912603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28393474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.275565505027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.25100332498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19742435216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16916406154632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07316592335700989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6550694704055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.590787947177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5787216424942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4369228184223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4363192319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4329048991203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42741912603378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28393474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.275565505027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25100332498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19742435216903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16916406154632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07316592335700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2155032317","https://openalex.org/W2170168155","https://openalex.org/W2267844374","https://openalex.org/W2748723958","https://openalex.org/W2947241366","https://openalex.org/W3023149787","https://openalex.org/W3088154325","https://openalex.org/W6677184216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W2021642829","https://openalex.org/W2058127401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sentinel-1":[0],"and":[1,21,39,45,57,88,122],"Sentinel-2":[2],"have":[3],"provided":[4],"consistent":[5],"hyper-temporal":[6],"information":[7],"(5\u20137":[8],"days":[9],"or":[10],"earlier)":[11],"at":[12],"high":[13],"spatial":[14],"resolutions":[15],"(10m)":[16],"on":[17],"biophysical":[18],"composition,":[19],"structural":[20],"physiological":[22],"conditions":[23],"of":[24,29,72,83,116,126],"crops":[25],"in":[26],"a":[27],"variety":[28],"environments.":[30],"Unmanned":[31],"aerial":[32],"vehicles":[33],"(UAVs)":[34],"can":[35],"provide":[36],"sufficient":[37],"calibration":[38],"validation":[40],"data":[41],"for":[42,67,93,102],"model":[43,103],"upscaling":[44],"regional":[46],"extrapolation.":[47],"Of":[48],"the":[49,78,120],"numerous":[50],"maize":[51,60,94,100,117],"crop":[52],"parameters":[53],"which":[54],"require":[55],"regular":[56],"accurate":[58,114],"modelling,":[59],"above":[61],"ground":[62],"biomass":[63],"(AGB)":[64],"is":[65],"important":[66],"yield":[68],"estimates.":[69],"The":[70],"aim":[71],"this":[73],"study":[74],"was":[75],"to":[76],"evaluate":[77],"Random":[79],"Forest":[80],"modelling":[81],"performance":[82],"Sentinel":[84,89,108,127],"1":[85,128],"SAR":[86],"C-band":[87],"2":[90,109],"multispectral":[91],"imagery":[92],"AGB":[95,101,118],"estimation":[96],"whilst":[97],"utilising":[98],"UAV-derived":[99],"upscaling.":[104],"Results":[105],"illustrated":[106],"that":[107],"reflectance":[110],"bands":[111,125],"predicted":[112],"more":[113],"estimates":[115],"than":[119],"VV":[121],"VH":[123],"polarisation":[124],"(R2":[129],"=":[130,133,140,144,147,154],"0.91;":[131],"RMSE":[132,146],"355.11g/m":[134],"<sup":[135,149],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[136,150],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[137,151],";":[138,152],"rRMSE":[139,153],"21.28%":[141],"versus":[142],"R2":[143],"0.31;":[145],"974.72g/m":[148],"59.04%).":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}