{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205681008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","title":"Remote Sensing of Sea Ice at Small Incidence Angles: Verification of Theoretical Models","display_name":"Remote Sensing of Sea Ice at Small Incidence Angles: Verification of Theoretical Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205681008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","mag":"3205681008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039760555","display_name":"Vladimir Karaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-4905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Karaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112886296","display_name":"Mariya Panfilova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariya Panfilova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108764592","display_name":"Mariya Ryabkova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariya Ryabkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089615720","display_name":"Yury Titchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yury Titchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110455600","display_name":"Eugeny Meshkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugeny Meshkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9704873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5629","last_page":"5632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.7385050058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.7100450992584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6133349537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.5425459146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","score":0.5032216906547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4465390145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4384533762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.4163805842399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4146442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40156039595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37781256437301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2385844886302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1932958960533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16310682892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13316413760185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08780619502067566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7385050058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.7100450992584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6133349537849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.5425459146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5032216906547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4465390145778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4384533762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.4163805842399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4146442115306854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40156039595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37781256437301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2385844886302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1932958960533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16310682892799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13316413760185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08780619502067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172981488","https://openalex.org/W1573314160","https://openalex.org/W1589384858","https://openalex.org/W1963834619","https://openalex.org/W2036971328","https://openalex.org/W3094222464","https://openalex.org/W3122101896","https://openalex.org/W6789106777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165907643","https://openalex.org/W1984559991","https://openalex.org/W1799242668","https://openalex.org/W2502358642","https://openalex.org/W3165883639","https://openalex.org/W2349137755","https://openalex.org/W4210768597","https://openalex.org/W2046463752","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0,79],"ice":[1],"is":[2,133],"a":[3,37,83],"complex":[4],"structure":[5],"and":[6,31,128,162],"theoretical":[7,145],"models":[8],"have":[9],"been":[10],"developed":[11],"to":[12,57,153,158,163],"describe":[13],"the":[14,26,34,47,54,59,62,69,91,97,101,105,108,113,116,119,126,138,141,165],"scattering":[15,89,166],"of":[16,21,36,46,61,107,115,143],"electromagnetic":[17],"waves.":[18],"The":[19,77],"area":[20],"small":[22,73,98],"incidence":[23,70,99,120],"angles":[24,74],"remains":[25],"least":[27],"studied":[28],"both":[29],"theoretically":[30],"experimentally.":[32],"With":[33],"launch":[35],"Dual-frequency":[38],"Precipitation":[39],"Radar":[40],"(DPR)":[41],"into":[42],"orbit":[43],"as":[44,82],"part":[45],"GPM":[48],"mission,":[49],"it":[50],"became":[51],"possible":[52],"for":[53,72],"first":[55],"time":[56],"analyze":[58],"dependence":[60,114],"backscattered":[63],"radar":[64],"cross":[65],"section":[66],"(RCS)":[67],"on":[68,118],"angle":[71],"(<20":[75],"degrees).":[76],"Okhotsk":[78],"was":[80],"chosen":[81],"test":[84],"site.":[85],"For":[86],"three":[87],"well-known":[88],"models,":[90],"performed":[92],"comparison":[93],"showed":[94,130],"that,":[95],"at":[96],"angles,":[100],"model":[102,146],"constructed":[103],"within":[104],"framework":[106,142],"perturbation":[109],"method":[110],"best":[111],"describes":[112],"RCS":[117,139],"angle.":[121],"However,":[122],"synchronous":[123],"measurements":[124],"in":[125,137,140],"Ku-":[127],"Ka-bands":[129],"that":[131],"there":[132],"an":[134],"unexplained":[135],"change":[136],"this":[144,160],"when":[147],"passing":[148],"from":[149],"one":[150],"frequency":[151],"range":[152],"another.":[154],"Research":[155],"will":[156],"continue":[157],"explain":[159],"effect":[161],"improve":[164],"model.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}