{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201432000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","title":"Numerical Investigation on the Effect of the Snowpack Surface Roughness on the Radar Echo","display_name":"Numerical Investigation on the Effect of the Snowpack Surface Roughness on the Radar Echo","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201432000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","mag":"3201432000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://igarss2021.com/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069290013","display_name":"Marco Pasian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-7419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pasian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università di Pavia,Dept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università di Pavia,Dept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014128735","display_name":"Martina Lodigiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-1375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Lodigiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Università di Pavia,Dept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Università di Pavia,Dept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090033274","display_name":"Carlo Mar\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6987-9445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319360392","display_name":"Eurac Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt1w755","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Marin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037007962","display_name":"Valentina Premier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4629-2235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319360392","display_name":"Eurac Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt1w755","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Premier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014002590","display_name":"Claudia Notarnicola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319360392","display_name":"Eurac Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt1w755","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Notarnicola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research,Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319360392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8922813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"848","last_page":"851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.966708779335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8086220026016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-content","display_name":"Liquid water content","score":0.6141951084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.594854474067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5651330351829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.523862361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4919588267803192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.48507705330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.47661033272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.41686296463012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3735644817352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.342424213886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.30851036310195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.26171553134918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1641894280910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.14201411604881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08748173713684082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.966708779335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8086220026016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.6141951084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.594854474067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5651330351829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.523862361907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4919588267803192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.48507705330848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.47661033272743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.41686296463012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3735644817352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.342424213886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30851036310195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26171553134918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1641894280910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.14201411604881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08748173713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553959","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11269258550001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://igarss2021.com/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/330040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/330040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11269258550001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://igarss2021.com/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"Open Research (University of Surrey)","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484996118","https://openalex.org/W2040266082","https://openalex.org/W2098851308","https://openalex.org/W2107745040","https://openalex.org/W2149610901","https://openalex.org/W2164558649","https://openalex.org/W2341158511","https://openalex.org/W2971963715","https://openalex.org/W2972703553","https://openalex.org/W3042160486","https://openalex.org/W7042916808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W253341182","https://openalex.org/W2187012855","https://openalex.org/W3170438605","https://openalex.org/W141901520","https://openalex.org/W2334725915","https://openalex.org/W2282506930","https://openalex.org/W2794575618","https://openalex.org/W2038298935","https://openalex.org/W2763806468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106],"backscattered":[1,45],"signal":[2,46],"collected":[3],"by":[4,13,17],"space-born":[5],"radars,":[6],"such":[7,86],"as":[8,87,126,128],"Sentinel-1,":[9,125],"for":[10,78,113,139],"area":[11],"covered":[12],"snow":[14,22],"is":[15,108],"affected":[16],"the":[18,21,29,36,41,44,79,84,100,103,117,132,135,140],"condition":[19],"of":[20,32,43,83,102,134],"itself,":[23],"in":[24,116],"particular":[25],"during":[26],"melting.":[27],"However,":[28],"potential":[30],"evidence":[31],"a":[33,49,59,66,95,114],"relationship":[34],"between":[35],"different":[37],"melting":[38],"phases":[39],"and":[40,93],"amplitude":[42],"still":[47],"remains":[48],"difficult":[50],"phenomenon":[51],"to":[52,98],"be":[53],"described":[54],"quantitatively.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"preliminary":[60],"approximated":[61],"model,":[62],"built":[63],"upon":[64],"i)":[65],"first-order":[67],"simulation":[68,97],"based":[69],"on":[70,73],"plane-wave":[71],"incidence":[72],"stratified":[74],"media":[75],"that":[76],"account":[77],"bulky":[80],"physical":[81],"parameters":[82],"snowpack,":[85,136],"depth,":[88],"liquid":[89],"water":[90],"content,":[91],"density,":[92],"ii)":[94],"full-wave":[96],"include":[99],"effect":[101],"surface":[104],"roughness.":[105],"model":[107],"tested":[109],"against":[110],"experimental":[111],"data":[112,123,130],"site":[115],"Italian":[118],"Alps":[119],"(Malga":[120],"Fadner),":[121],"where":[122],"from":[124],"well":[127],"in-situ":[129],"about":[131],"composition":[133],"are":[137],"available":[138],"winter":[141],"season":[142],"2017/18,":[143],"showing":[144],"good":[145],"general":[146],"agreement.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}