{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205950189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","title":"Retrieval of Dielectric Properties of Soft Materials Using a Low Cost FMCW 24 GHz Radar: Investigating its Use as Snowpack Density Profiler","display_name":"Retrieval of Dielectric Properties of Soft Materials Using a Low Cost FMCW 24 GHz Radar: Investigating its Use as Snowpack Density Profiler","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205950189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","mag":"3205950189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045664595","display_name":"P. F. Esp\u00edn-L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-5888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. F. Espin-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030842929","display_name":"Guido Luzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-9029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Luzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070700949","display_name":"Riccardo Palam\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-9485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Palama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9697,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73026767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1027","last_page":"1030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowpack","display_name":"Snowpack","score":0.9437069892883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.879714846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snowmelt","display_name":"Snowmelt","score":0.8324111700057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6894677877426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6604363322257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-content","display_name":"Liquid water content","score":0.6101511120796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5851765871047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3813439905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24089491367340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18325096368789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14263275265693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07596760988235474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.9437069892883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.879714846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64649846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754697","display_name":"Snowmelt","level":3,"score":0.8324111700057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6894677877426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6604363322257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.6101511120796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5851765871047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3813439905643463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24089491367340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18325096368789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14263275265693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07596760988235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138490637","https://openalex.org/W1861428648","https://openalex.org/W1967264779","https://openalex.org/W1983095182","https://openalex.org/W2040266082","https://openalex.org/W2096768450","https://openalex.org/W2097975007","https://openalex.org/W2100447150","https://openalex.org/W2149610901","https://openalex.org/W2184245885","https://openalex.org/W2901780143","https://openalex.org/W3041304382","https://openalex.org/W3041327580","https://openalex.org/W3043379336","https://openalex.org/W4210261553","https://openalex.org/W4255236852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143951088","https://openalex.org/W2078145280","https://openalex.org/W649046675","https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W4256303722","https://openalex.org/W3163041848","https://openalex.org/W410173347","https://openalex.org/W2772174602","https://openalex.org/W4200142003","https://openalex.org/W147539271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"the":[1,5,21,44,50,64,67,104,115],"internal":[2],"structure":[3],"of":[4,23,52,66,114,125],"snowpack":[6],"is":[7,82,129],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,62],"managing":[10],"snow-related":[11],"hazards":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,59,87],"snow":[15,98,133],"avalanches":[16],"and":[17,28,55,72,93,100,109,119],"snowmelt":[18],"floods.":[19],"Recently,":[20],"availability":[22],"low":[24,26],"cost,":[25],"power":[27],"low-profile":[29],"frequency-modulated":[30],"continuous-wave":[31],"(FMCW)":[32],"radars":[33],"at":[34],"24":[35],"GHz":[36],"has":[37],"grown":[38],"thanks":[39],"to":[40,84,102],"its":[41],"potential":[42],"use":[43,51],"automotive":[45],"sector.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[53,77,88,120,126],"compact":[54],"low-cost":[56],"FMCW":[57],"radar":[58,81],"an":[60],"instrument":[61],"improving":[63],"study":[65],"snowpack,":[68],"delivering":[69],"Snow":[70],"Density":[71],"Liquid":[73,94],"Water":[74],"Content":[75],"in":[76],"fast":[78],"way.":[79],"The":[80,111],"intended":[83],"be":[85],"used":[86],"snowpit":[89],"instrument,":[90],"creating":[91],"density":[92,106],"water":[95],"content":[96],"(LWC)":[97],"profiles":[99],"trying":[101],"overcome":[103],"customary":[105],"cutters":[107],"(slower":[108],"operator-dependent).":[110],"theoretical":[112],"equations":[113],"principle":[116],"are":[117],"presented":[118],"preliminary":[121],"validation":[122],"by":[123],"means":[124],"laboratory":[127],"test":[128],"done":[130],"using":[131],"dry":[132],"mimicking":[134],"material,":[135],"providing":[136],"encouraging":[137],"results.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}