{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207548701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","title":"The Effect of War on Land Use Dynamics in Mosul Iraq Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques","display_name":"The Effect of War on Land Use Dynamics in Mosul Iraq Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207548701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","mag":"3207548701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043308369","display_name":"Huda Jamal Jumaah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-3033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huda Jamal Jumaah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055002169","display_name":"Bahareh Kalantar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahareh Kalantar","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal - Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal - Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105268757","display_name":"Naonori Ueda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126580","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckxwf91","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naonori Ueda","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal - Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Goal - Oriented Technology Research Group, Disaster Resilience Science Team, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062026346","display_name":"Sani Success Ojogbane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-3695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ojogbane Success Sani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040599885","display_name":"Qayssar Mahmood Ajaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-4738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143651","display_name":"Northern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytenv10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qayssar Mahmood Ajaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kirkuk Technical College, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kirkuk Technical College, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004171938","display_name":"Sarah Jamal Jumaah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102254642","display_name":"University of Kirkuk","ror":"https://ror.org/01pk8rb11","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102254642"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Jamal Jumaah","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102254642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043308369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83335347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6476","last_page":"6479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13540","display_name":"Animal Diversity and Health Studies","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.66810142993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.5453240275382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5426367521286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.5341199040412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5203984975814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-land","display_name":"Agricultural land","score":0.5144098401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.483578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4814269244670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-up-area","display_name":"Built-up area","score":0.46931979060173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.42210423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37540969252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3542770743370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3507831394672394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24126744270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11482268571853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.09191617369651794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.66810142993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5453240275382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5426367521286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5341199040412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5203984975814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502990516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395383","display_name":"Agricultural land","level":3,"score":0.5144098401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.483578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4814269244670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Built-up area","level":3,"score":0.46931979060173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.42210423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37540969252586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3542770743370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3507831394672394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24126744270324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11482268571853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.09191617369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482289351","https://openalex.org/W1526094544","https://openalex.org/W1567167568","https://openalex.org/W1971240982","https://openalex.org/W2039961542","https://openalex.org/W2076656703","https://openalex.org/W2088730795","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2283002322","https://openalex.org/W2345914131","https://openalex.org/W2521099477","https://openalex.org/W2743247255","https://openalex.org/W2951805857","https://openalex.org/W2985500708","https://openalex.org/W2987237308","https://openalex.org/W3000552440","https://openalex.org/W3014160807","https://openalex.org/W3171723250","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W6631425683","https://openalex.org/W6704283408","https://openalex.org/W6796886304"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946518308","https://openalex.org/W4400508642","https://openalex.org/W2114190886","https://openalex.org/W2240238731","https://openalex.org/W4375952082","https://openalex.org/W2175378984","https://openalex.org/W2187267109","https://openalex.org/W2765805723","https://openalex.org/W2185182137","https://openalex.org/W1523238182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,69,215],"aims":[2],"to":[3,31,171],"assess":[4],"the":[5,10,62,65,68,77,88,103,106,110,117,126,148,153,187,190,193,198,201,208,214,217,220,225],"impact":[6,221],"of":[7,13,48,51,64,82,105,112,125,186,189,200,210,219,222],"war":[8,66,191,223],"on":[9,38,192,224],"natural":[11],"environment":[12,227],"Mosul,":[14],"Iraq.":[15],"To":[16,60],"achieve":[17],"that,":[18],"remote":[19],"sensing":[20],"(RS)":[21],"data":[22,39],"and":[23,33,44,53,58,79,84,109,121,136,142,197,216,230],"geographic":[24],"information":[25],"system":[26],"(GIS)":[27],"techniques":[28],"were":[29,55],"employed":[30],"identify":[32],"relate":[34],"surface":[35],"changes":[36],"based":[37],"from":[40,116],"Landsat":[41,118],"satellite":[42,49],"images":[43,119,128],"maps.":[45],"A":[46],"couple":[47],"imageries":[50],"2003":[52,83,141,229],"2016":[54,143],"acquired,":[56],"processed,":[57],"analyzed.":[59],"evaluate":[61],"consequence":[63,188],"in":[67,152,176,180,213,228],"area,":[70,155],"a":[71,96,184],"comparison":[72],"was":[73,100,114,169],"made":[74],"via":[75],"studying":[76],"prewar":[78],"post-war":[80],"datasets":[81],"2016,":[85],"respectively.":[86,144],"Furthermore,":[87],"support":[89],"vector":[90],"machine":[91],"learning":[92],"(SVM),":[93],"which":[94,156,168],"is":[95,183],"supervised":[97],"classification":[98,104],"method":[99],"adopted":[101],"for":[102,140],"land":[107,173,182,195,226],"use":[108,196],"rate":[111],"change":[113,150],"derived":[115],"(2003":[120],"2016).":[122],"Also,":[123],"testing":[124],"classified":[127],"by":[129,159,162],"ground":[130],"control":[131],"points":[132],"(GCPs)":[133],"provided":[134],"91.53%":[135],"94.36%":[137],"overall":[138],"accuracies":[139],"Findings":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"maximum":[149],"occurred":[151],"agriculture":[154],"had":[157],"decreased":[158],"18%,":[160],"followed":[161],"an":[163],"urban":[164],"area":[165],"with":[166,174],"7%,":[167],"converted":[170],"bare":[172,181],"44%":[175],"2016.":[177,231],"The":[178,205],"increase":[179],"sign":[185],"existing":[194,202],"destruction":[199],"agricultural":[203],"area.":[204],"approach":[206],"highlights":[207],"capability":[209],"spatial":[211],"technologies":[212],"evaluation":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}