{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312581091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213","title":"Refocusing of Ship Target under Three-Dimensional Rotating in SAR Based on Complex-Valued Deep Learning","display_name":"Refocusing of Ship Target under Three-Dimensional Rotating in SAR Based on Complex-Valued Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312581091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639306","display_name":"Yun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0642-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083511072","display_name":"Qinglong Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-6651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglong Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005081263","display_name":"Chenxi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5121-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114889392","display_name":"Haotian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5363-3886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037505588","display_name":"Yicheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778603","display_name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-3550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Enginnering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100639306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61539248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2303","last_page":"2306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8397839069366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7586843967437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7178870439529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.707931637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6717607975006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5753533840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.5457314252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5242792963981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5167657136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5038039088249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4439876675605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.43597352504730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43359217047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3459450602531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13733336329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07547223567962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06838545203208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06678399443626404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8397839069366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7586843967437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7178870439529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.707931637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6717607975006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5753533840179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5457314252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5242792963981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5167657136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5038039088249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4439876675605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.43597352504730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43359217047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3459450602531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13733336329460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07547223567962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06838545203208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06678399443626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555459384","https://openalex.org/W1983920096","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2130661716","https://openalex.org/W2137782143","https://openalex.org/W2607781782","https://openalex.org/W2901214988","https://openalex.org/W2912838597","https://openalex.org/W2990641522","https://openalex.org/W3179421050","https://openalex.org/W3201764563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507","https://openalex.org/W2917196883","https://openalex.org/W1908997176"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"images,":[5,73],"ship":[6,40],"targets":[7],"are":[8,84],"defocused":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,35,87],"three-dimensional":[12,38],"rotation,":[13],"which":[14],"affects":[15],"subsequent":[16],"SAR":[17,37,72,96,100],"target":[18],"detection":[19],"and":[20,50,54,67,79,98],"recognition":[21],"tasks.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"a":[26],"complex-valued":[27],"convolutional":[28,75],"neural":[29],"network":[30,49,53],"(CV-CNN)":[31],"structure":[32],"called":[33],"CV-RefocusNet":[34,42,83,104],"refocus":[36],"rotating":[39],"targets.":[41],"includes":[43],"two":[44],"parts":[45],"of":[46,64,70,112,120],"feature":[47],"extraction":[48],"image":[51],"reconstruction":[52],"adopts":[55],"an":[56],"end-to-end":[57],"design":[58],"method.":[59],"To":[60],"make":[61],"full":[62],"use":[63],"the":[65,74,88,108,117],"amplitude":[66],"phase":[68],"information":[69],"complex":[71,89],"layer,":[76,78],"deconvolutional":[77],"activation":[80],"function":[81],"in":[82],"all":[85],"extended":[86],"domain.":[90],"Then":[91],"refocusing":[92],"experiments":[93],"on":[94],"simulated":[95],"data":[97,101],"GF-3":[99],"show":[102],"that":[103],"could":[105],"further":[106],"improve":[107],"focus":[109],"accuracy":[110],"instead":[111],"real-value":[113],"CNN":[114],"(RV-CNN)":[115],"with":[116],"same":[118],"degree":[119],"freedom.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}