{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312846730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799","title":"A Calibration-Free Methodology to Estimate Significant Wave Height Using Time-Sequences of X-Band Marine Radar Images","display_name":"A Calibration-Free Methodology to Estimate Significant Wave Height Using Time-Sequences of X-Band Marine Radar Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312846730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061969589","display_name":"Wendy Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-2210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110817603","display_name":"Michael Stre\u03b2er","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Streber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019147231","display_name":"Ruben Carrasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Carrasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110348236","display_name":"J. Seemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Seemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050788165","display_name":"Jochen Horstmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139239","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon","ror":"https://ror.org/03qjp1d79","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Horstmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon,Geesthacht,Germany,21502","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139239"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85925926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6140416860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-band","display_name":"X band","score":0.5351079106330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5133611559867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4774511456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.42624881863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4204457402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40111011266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32830625772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32081925868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2504165768623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1873178482055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1845693588256836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6140416860580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99936299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190763","display_name":"X band","level":2,"score":0.5351079106330872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5133611559867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4774511456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.42624881863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4204457402229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40111011266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32830625772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32081925868988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2504165768623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1873178482055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1845693588256836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9883799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604196","display_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058076059","https://openalex.org/W2086480050","https://openalex.org/W2087105482","https://openalex.org/W2113329640","https://openalex.org/W2157730826","https://openalex.org/W2399133674","https://openalex.org/W2734375699","https://openalex.org/W2774732543","https://openalex.org/W2791915403","https://openalex.org/W2925307881","https://openalex.org/W2948737915","https://openalex.org/W2999685333","https://openalex.org/W3211945516","https://openalex.org/W3214749015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967787991","https://openalex.org/W2126432461","https://openalex.org/W1983870566","https://openalex.org/W1969303371","https://openalex.org/W4366522981","https://openalex.org/W2394063120","https://openalex.org/W3035504496","https://openalex.org/W1977166576","https://openalex.org/W2806694042","https://openalex.org/W3087840192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,48],"applies":[2],"a":[3,24,102,108,117,123,142,148],"calibration-free":[4],"method":[5,70],"to":[6,41,78,97,167,170],"estimate":[7],"the":[8,16,19,47,53,57,62,68,80,85,138],"significant":[9],"wave":[10,64],"height":[11],"<tex":[12,94,127,133,154],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[13,95,128,134,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(H_{s})$</tex>":[14],"using":[15],"amplitude":[17],"of":[18,56,92,113,119,126,132,144,150],"electromagnetic":[20],"signal":[21,75],"acquired":[22],"by":[23,101],"coherent":[25],"on":[26],"receive":[27],"X-Band":[28,171],"radar":[29,88],"that":[30],"operates":[31],"in":[32,52,107],"horizontal":[33],"polarization.":[34],"The":[35,90],"ex-periments":[36],"were":[37],"conducted":[38],"from":[39,84,175],"8th":[40],"11":[42],"th":[43],"November":[44],"2015":[45],"at":[46],"platform":[49],"FINO-3":[50],"located":[51],"German":[54],"Bight":[55],"southern":[58],"North":[59],"Sea.":[60],"Unlike":[61],"traditional":[63],"disper-sion":[65],"based":[66],"procedure,":[67],"proposed":[69],"uses":[71],"other":[72],"filtering":[73],"and":[74,122,153],"processing":[76],"techniques":[77],"invert":[79],"sea":[81,86],"surface":[82],"elevation":[83],"clutter":[87],"images.":[89],"compari-son":[91],"radar-derived":[93],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$H_{s}$</tex>":[96,135],"in-situ":[98],"measurements":[99,140],"collected":[100],"waver":[103],"rider":[104],"buoy":[105],"resulted":[106],"root":[109],"mean":[110],"square":[111],"error":[112],"0.33":[114],"m":[115,121,146,152],"with":[116,147],"bias":[118,149],"0.09":[120],"correlation":[124],"coefficient":[125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$r=0.92$</tex>":[129],".":[130,157],"Validation":[131],"estimates":[136],"considering":[137],"AWAC":[139],"shows":[141],"RMSE":[143],"0.24":[145],"0.18":[151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$r=0.96$</tex>":[156],"Therefore,":[158],"this":[159],"calibration":[160],"free":[161],"methodol-ogy":[162],"is":[163],"very":[164],"well":[165,179],"suited":[166],"be":[168],"applied":[169],"marine":[172],"radars":[173],"operated":[174],"offshore":[176],"platforms":[177],"as":[178,180],"ships.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}