{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131360692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","title":"Simulation of Microwave Backscattering from Sea Surface Using an Improved Two-Scale Model","display_name":"Simulation of Microwave Backscattering from Sea Surface Using an Improved Two-Scale Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131360692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","mag":"3131360692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ensta-bretagne.hal.science/hal-03327516/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032913245","display_name":"Honglei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-4687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Honglei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","China University of Petroleum"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Petroleum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436722","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","China University of Petroleum"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Petroleum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081231257","display_name":"Ali Khenchaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123702","display_name":"Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l\u2019Information de la Communication et de la Connaissance","ror":"https://ror.org/0266kfd37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I180375564","https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4405260085"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161954","display_name":"D\u00e9partement d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/05y6rqs46","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210161954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148559","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de techniques avanc\u00e9es Bretagne","ror":"https://ror.org/059n54003","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201181511","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148559"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Khenchaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France","Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_MOM_PIM"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123702","https://openalex.org/I4210148559","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_MOM_PIM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623323","display_name":"Yanmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-9467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","Ocean University of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101723124","display_name":"Yunhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-3753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","Ocean University of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean University of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032913245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293","https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16867717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"344","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.62677001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5063689947128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4477696716785431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4351280629634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.4349689185619354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4290655851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.3649119436740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35918128490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3072540760040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2566794753074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.23679518699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19127869606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.15709075331687927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.62677001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5063689947128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4477696716785431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4351280629634857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.4349689185619354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4290655851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3649119436740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35918128490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3072540760040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2566794753074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.23679518699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19127869606018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15709075331687927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03327516v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-03327516","pdf_url":"https://ensta-bretagne.hal.science/hal-03327516/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sep 2020, Waikoloa, United States. pp.344-347, &#x27E8;10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323417&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03327516v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ensta.hal.science/hal-03327516","pdf_url":"https://ensta-bretagne.hal.science/hal-03327516/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sep 2020, Waikoloa, United States. pp.344-347, &#x27E8;10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323417&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2778230494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20CX06043A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3234811838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1906217","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131360692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131360692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W2072858605","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2146735319","https://openalex.org/W3178492830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061413604","https://openalex.org/W2334225663","https://openalex.org/W1549119392","https://openalex.org/W2911764982","https://openalex.org/W2023892470","https://openalex.org/W2387373248","https://openalex.org/W2081951157","https://openalex.org/W2416230169","https://openalex.org/W1630720736","https://openalex.org/W1498268793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,141,166],"two-scale":[1],"model":[2],"(TSM)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"frequently":[6],"used":[7,56],"in":[8,66,182],"the":[9,49,70,94,111,125,137,157,161,164,171,176,179,183],"study":[10],"of":[11,48,130,143,160,185],"EM":[12],"(electromagnetic)":[13],"scattering":[14,28,60,113,139,188],"from":[15,29,61],"rough":[16],"surface":[17,63,82],"due":[18],"to":[19,74,79,109,135,156],"its":[20],"simple":[21],"and":[22,148,163,178],"practical":[23],"merit.":[24],"However,":[25],"for":[26,37,57],"microwave":[27,59],"sea":[30,62,81],"surface,":[31],"it":[32],"cannot":[33],"provide":[34],"accurate":[35],"predictions":[36],"hh":[38,186],"(horizontal)":[39],"polarization.":[40],"To":[41],"overcome":[42],"this":[43,67],"problem,":[44],"an":[45],"improved":[46],"version":[47],"TSM":[50,177],"(ITSM)":[51],"which":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54],"better":[55,174],"predicting":[58],"is":[64,107,133],"proposed":[65],"paper.":[68],"In":[69],"ITSM,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"use":[75],"two":[76],"cutoff":[77],"parameters":[78],"separate":[80],"roughness.":[83],"For":[84,115],"k":[85,116,144,149],"<sub":[86,90,117,121,145,150],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[87,91,118,122,146,151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">w</sub>":[88,119],"<;k":[89],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">cs</sub>":[92,147],",":[93,124],"KA-SP":[95],"(Kirchhoff":[96,103],"approximation-stationary":[97],"phase":[98],"approximation)":[99,106],"rather":[100],"than":[101,175],"KA-GO":[102],"approximation-geometric":[104],"optics":[105],"employed":[108,134],"simulate":[110,136],"specular":[112],"component.":[114,140],">k":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">cb</sub>":[123,152],"SPM":[126],"modulated":[127],"by":[128],"tilts":[129],"large-scale":[131],"waves":[132],"Bragg":[138],"values":[142],"are":[153],"chosen":[154],"according":[155],"validity":[158],"conditions":[159],"KA":[162],"SPM.":[165],"numerical":[167],"comparisons":[168],"illustrate":[169],"that":[170],"ITSM":[172],"performs":[173],"SSA-1,":[180],"especially":[181],"prediction":[184],"polarized":[187],"coefficient.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}