{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131327094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","title":"Improvement of CYGNSS Level 1 Calibration Using Modeling and Measurements of Ocean Surface Mean Square Slope","display_name":"Improvement of CYGNSS Level 1 Calibration Using Modeling and Measurements of Ocean Surface Mean Square Slope","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131327094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","mag":"3131327094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101537265","display_name":"Tianlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-3528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023913082","display_name":"Valery U. Zavorotny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valery U. Zavorotny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004567285","display_name":"Joel T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054675899","display_name":"Yuchan Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9278-7442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchan Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076495698","display_name":"Christopher S. Ruf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5937-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Ruf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076946918","display_name":"Scott Gleason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799356940","display_name":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04zhhyn23","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Gleason","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022152022","display_name":"Darren McKague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren McKague","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053342396","display_name":"Paul A. Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5683-9348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035883624","display_name":"W. Erick Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-2218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384920","display_name":"Stennis Space Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j9e2j92","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607346","display_name":"Shuyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060781170","display_name":"Yulin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038633483","display_name":"Thomas Bakker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bakker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6567117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5909","last_page":"5912"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6358886361122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.6060158014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4639999270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46343737840652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4125116765499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37967169284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33784347772598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.31331080198287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2814471125602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10990959405899048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6358886361122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6060158014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4639999270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46343737840652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4125116765499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37967169284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33784347772598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31331080198287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2814471125602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10990959405899048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323262","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968861880","https://openalex.org/W1985067164","https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2145696754","https://openalex.org/W2156716790","https://openalex.org/W2604162783","https://openalex.org/W2762303924","https://openalex.org/W2772852327","https://openalex.org/W2885395251","https://openalex.org/W2900736080","https://openalex.org/W2901821837","https://openalex.org/W2909184534","https://openalex.org/W2912787468","https://openalex.org/W2982976794","https://openalex.org/W2985408959","https://openalex.org/W3178492830","https://openalex.org/W6744471439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3102623159","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W4385074335","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2366911843","https://openalex.org/W2626189183","https://openalex.org/W2350577681","https://openalex.org/W2808650567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24],"Cyclone":[1],"Global":[2],"Navigation":[3],"Satellite":[4],"System":[5],"(CYGNSS)":[6],"measures":[7],"GPS":[8],"signals":[9],"specularly":[10],"reflected":[11],"from":[12],"Earth's":[13],"surface":[14,19,38,132],"to":[15,56,77,101,118],"remotely":[16],"sense":[17],"ocean":[18,37,131],"roughness":[20],"and":[21,93,128,135],"wind":[22,133],"speed.":[23],"mean":[25],"square":[26],"slope":[27],"(mss)":[28],"is":[29,85],"a":[30,73],"key":[31],"physical":[32],"parameter":[33],"that":[34,87,106],"relates":[35],"the":[36,43,47,58,70,78,88,94,109,124],"properties":[39],"(wave":[40],"spectra)":[41],"with":[42,62],"CYGNSS":[44,63,91,120],"measurement":[45],"of":[46,72,90],"normalized":[48],"bistatic":[49],"radar":[50],"cross":[51],"section":[52],"(NBRCS).":[53],"An":[54],"approach":[55,115],"model":[57],"mss":[59,64,92,97],"for":[60],"validation":[61],"data":[65,121],"was":[66],"developed":[67],"by":[68],"adding":[69],"contribution":[71],"high":[74],"frequency":[75],"tail":[76],"IFREMER":[79],"WAVEWATCH":[80],"III":[81],"(WW3)":[82],"mss.":[83],"It":[84],"demonstrated":[86],"ratio":[89],"modified":[95],"WW3":[96],"can":[98,116],"be":[99],"used":[100],"diagnose":[102],"potential":[103],"calibration":[104,112],"errors":[105],"exist":[107],"in":[108],"Level":[110,125,129],"1":[111,126],"algorithm.":[113],"This":[114],"help":[117],"improve":[119],"quality,":[122],"including":[123],"NBRCS":[127],"2":[130],"speed":[134],"roughness.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}