{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130891454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","title":"The Performance of ICESat-2's Strong and Weak Beams in Estimating Ground Elevation and Forest Height","display_name":"The Performance of ICESat-2's Strong and Weak Beams in Estimating Ground Elevation and Forest Height","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130891454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","mag":"3130891454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555315","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085169152","display_name":"Sheng Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-5619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110477256","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7413-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Tourism and Geographic Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Tourism and Geographic Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041596163","display_name":"Xiaohuan Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohuan Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101555315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76175952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6073","last_page":"6076"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime","display_name":"Daytime","score":0.9185833930969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.8622268438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6907880902290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-angle","display_name":"Elevation angle","score":0.607661783695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5998960733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.558194100856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4214929938316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.40188494324684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37720322608947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31053245067596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.22343578934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19159194827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14439812302589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.12864738702774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09231972694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06509053707122803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.9185833930969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.8622268438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6907880902290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986230362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203218","display_name":"Elevation angle","level":3,"score":0.607661783695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5998960733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.558194100856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4214929938316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.40188494324684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37720322608947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31053245067596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.22343578934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19159194827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14439812302589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.12864738702774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09231972694396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06509053707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020457848","https://openalex.org/W2292481897","https://openalex.org/W2373084401","https://openalex.org/W2565535654","https://openalex.org/W2568967893","https://openalex.org/W2792703975","https://openalex.org/W2800284212","https://openalex.org/W2901674962","https://openalex.org/W2905283811","https://openalex.org/W2964227671","https://openalex.org/W2996596953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157565721","https://openalex.org/W2388449185","https://openalex.org/W1986874080","https://openalex.org/W2122201629","https://openalex.org/W4236491657","https://openalex.org/W1550613076","https://openalex.org/W2138813233","https://openalex.org/W2356895184","https://openalex.org/W4327784900","https://openalex.org/W2367630562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,100],"Ice,":[1],"Cloud":[2],"and":[3,17,35,52,59,92,129,139,155],"Land":[4],"Elevation":[5],"Satellite-2":[6],"(ICESat-2)":[7],"mission":[8],"provides":[9],"effective":[10],"data":[11,64,158,171],"for":[12,143,174],"measuring":[13],"global":[14],"ground":[15,57,115,175],"elevation":[16,58,176],"forest":[18,60,144,191],"height.":[19,192],"Unlike":[20],"the":[21,47,62,76,83,90,98,104,137,156,162,179,184],"ICESat,":[22],"ICESat-2":[23,63,170],"emits":[24],"three":[25],"pairs":[26],"of":[27,43,49,121,136],"beams.":[28],"Each":[29],"pair":[30],"includes":[31],"a":[32,36],"strong":[33,51,73,87,111,153],"beam":[34,38],"weak":[37,53,80,95,105,148,181],"with":[39],"an":[40],"energy":[41],"ratio":[42],"4:1.":[44],"To":[45],"evaluate":[46],"performance":[48],"ICESat-2's":[50,72,79,86,94,147,180],"beams":[54,74,81,88,96,106,112,149,154,182],"in":[55,65,75,82,89,97,113,183],"estimating":[56,114],"height,":[61],"four":[66],"different":[67],"scenarios":[68],"were":[69],"analyzed;":[70],"1)":[71],"daytime,":[77,84],"2)":[78],"3)":[85],"nighttime,":[91],"4)":[93],"nighttime.":[99],"results":[101,166],"indicate":[102],"that":[103,168],"perform":[107,150,159],"as":[108,110],"well":[109],"elevations":[116],"due":[117],"to":[118,189],"high":[119],"coefficient":[120],"determination":[122],"(R":[123],"<sup":[124],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[126],")":[127],"values":[128,134],"low":[130],"root-mean-squared":[131],"error":[132],"(RMSE)":[133],"regardless":[135],"daytime":[138,157,185],"nighttime":[140,163],"data.":[141,164],"While":[142],"height":[145],"estimation,":[146],"worse":[151,160],"than":[152,161],"These":[165],"suggest":[167],"all":[169],"are":[172,186],"suitable":[173],"extraction,":[177],"while":[178],"not":[187],"suited":[188],"estimate":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
