{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988143075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","title":"Downscaling GNSS-R Based Vegetation Water Content Product Using Random Forest Model","display_name":"Downscaling GNSS-R Based Vegetation Water Content Product Using Random Forest Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988143075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","mag":"2988143075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699387","display_name":"Shuwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-4185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047576305","display_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082328125","display_name":"Linwei Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8794-2389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linwei Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048117999","display_name":"Tongwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114374395","display_name":"Huanfeng Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-1869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanfeng Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering, Wuhan University, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering, Wuhan University, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55861004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"6720","last_page":"6723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.807960569858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7862709760665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5957610607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5862554311752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4945027530193329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.44131535291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.42741143703460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4191876947879791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.41265127062797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.3518609404563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3448072671890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1863287389278412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.1506434977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13113710284233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12094414234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10590970516204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08291345834732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.06618860363960266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.807960569858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7862709760665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5957610607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5862554311752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4945027530193329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44131535291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.42741143703460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4191876947879791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.41265127062797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3518609404563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3448072671890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1863287389278412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.1506434977054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13113710284233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12094414234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10590970516204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08291345834732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.06618860363960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972955192","https://openalex.org/W1991236946","https://openalex.org/W2028099599","https://openalex.org/W2099838915","https://openalex.org/W2116379108","https://openalex.org/W2150903529","https://openalex.org/W2158143121","https://openalex.org/W2171063647","https://openalex.org/W2301692565","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2951572255","https://openalex.org/W3122817556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1939351039","https://openalex.org/W4239577302","https://openalex.org/W2546580588","https://openalex.org/W3207386263","https://openalex.org/W2761575711","https://openalex.org/W1898344593","https://openalex.org/W184686113","https://openalex.org/W2581495587","https://openalex.org/W2245549564","https://openalex.org/W2161197664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vegetation":[0],"water":[1],"content":[2],"(VWC)":[3],"is":[4,19,92],"recognized":[5],"as":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"parameter":[9],"in":[10,21],"vegetation":[11],"growth":[12],"study.":[13],"Recently,":[14],"the":[15,30,46,95,103,106],"ground-based":[16],"GNSS-R":[17,50],"method":[18,43],"emerging":[20],"monitoring":[22],"VWC":[23,51,81],"owing":[24],"to":[25,44],"its":[26,37],"high":[27],"accuracy.":[28],"However,":[29],"small":[31],"footprint":[32],"and":[33,75,99],"sparse":[34],"distribution":[35,96],"hinder":[36],"application.":[38],"Therefore,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"a":[42,84],"improve":[45],"spatial":[47,86],"resolution":[48,87],"of":[49,73,77,97,105],"products":[52,57],"by":[53],"downscaling":[54,67,107],"with":[55,60,69,83,94],"other":[56],"highly":[58],"correlated":[59],"VWC,":[61],"using":[62],"random":[63],"forest":[64],"(RF).":[65],"Satisfactory":[66],"results":[68],"cross-validation":[70],"R":[71],"values":[72],"0.83":[74],"RMSE":[76],"0.025":[78],"were":[79,88],"obtained.":[80],"images":[82],"500-m":[85],"then":[89],"acquired,":[90],"which":[91],"consistent":[93],"NDVI":[98],"GPP,":[100],"further":[101],"indicating":[102],"accuracy":[104],"results.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}