{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2985984067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","title":"Evolving Ocean Monitoring With GNSS-R: Promises in Surface Wind Speed and Prospects for Rain Detection","display_name":"Evolving Ocean Monitoring With GNSS-R: Promises in Surface Wind Speed and Prospects for Rain Detection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2985984067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","mag":"2985984067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046444383","display_name":"Milad Asgarimehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-1886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Asgarimehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023913082","display_name":"Valery U. Zavorotny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Zavorotny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064642116","display_name":"Irina Zhelavskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-5372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Zhelavskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029036671","display_name":"Giuseppe Foti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Foti","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035533740","display_name":"Jens Wickert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-5276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wickert","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020753959","display_name":"Sebastian Reich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Reich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24670764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8692","last_page":"8695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.747880220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.6686702966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5854573845863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5651421546936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5642239451408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5180771350860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5102806091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.5023376941680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4963555932044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.42781057953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38582926988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3381979465484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.19581338763237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08686718344688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.747880220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.6686702966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5854573845863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5651421546936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5642239451408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5180771350860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5102806091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.5023376941680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4963555932044983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.42781057953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38582926988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3381979465484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.19581338763237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08686718344688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900414","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:100514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/100514/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_5002075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5002075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Papers","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz.de:item_5002075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz.de/pubman/item/item_5002075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Papers","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100807107","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2116850789","https://openalex.org/W2755201876","https://openalex.org/W2897797152","https://openalex.org/W2900046076","https://openalex.org/W3178492830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393981762","https://openalex.org/W1964893014","https://openalex.org/W2022107088","https://openalex.org/W3009535065","https://openalex.org/W3197977324","https://openalex.org/W2175863575","https://openalex.org/W2321227217","https://openalex.org/W2169536358","https://openalex.org/W3145883122","https://openalex.org/W2159202121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"developing":[1],"a":[2,30,38,44,99,111,121,151],"wind":[3,24,107,128],"speed":[4,108,129],"retrieval":[5],"algorithm,":[6],"derived":[7,97],"winds":[8],"from":[9,15],"measurements":[10],"of":[11,26,49,96,124],"UK":[12],"TechDemoSat-1":[13],"(TDS-1),":[14],"May":[16],"2015":[17],"to":[18,23,66,132],"July":[19],"2017,":[20],"are":[21],"compared":[22,131],"products":[25,149],"Advanced":[27],"Scatterometer":[28],"showing":[29],"reliable":[31],"performance,":[32],"especially":[33],"during":[34],"rain":[35,39,84],"events.":[36],"However,":[37],"signature":[40],"in":[41,46,126],"GNSS-R":[42],"observations,":[43],"decrease":[45],"the":[47,50,64,83,88,94,106,127,133,137],"value":[48],"bistatic":[51],"radar":[52],"cross":[53],"section":[54],"at":[55],"low":[56],"winds,":[57,98],"is":[58,77,103,146],"demonstrated,":[59],"which":[60],"can":[61,140],"potentially":[62],"enable":[63],"technique":[65,102],"detect":[67],"precipitation":[68],"over":[69],"oceans":[70],"induced":[71],"by":[72],"low-to-moderate":[73],"winds.":[74],"This":[75],"phenomenon":[76],"investigated":[78],"and":[79],"finally":[80],"characterized":[81],"as":[82,110],"splash":[85],"effect":[86],"altering":[87],"ocean":[89,144],"surface":[90],"roughness.":[91],"To":[92],"improve":[93],"quality":[95],"machine":[100],"learning":[101],"implemented":[104],"for":[105,153],"inversion":[109],"geophysical":[112,155],"model":[113],"function.":[114],"The":[115],"trained":[116],"feedforward":[117],"neural":[118],"network":[119],"shows":[120],"significant":[122],"improvement":[123],"17%":[125],"RMSE":[130],"LS":[134],"approach.":[135],"In":[136],"end,":[138],"one":[139],"conclude":[141],"that":[142],"space-borne":[143],"monitoring":[145],"evolving":[147],"existing":[148],"with":[150],"potential":[152],"novel":[154],"applications.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}