{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980803059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","title":"SAR Ship Detection for Rough Sea Conditions","display_name":"SAR Ship Detection for Rough Sea Conditions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980803059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","mag":"2980803059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059360012","display_name":"Pasquale Iervolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-1179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Iervolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072917995","display_name":"Raffaella Guida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Guida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084276866","display_name":"Donato Amitrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-4503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donato Amitrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012507723","display_name":"Armando Marino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Marino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059360012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95606113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7524054050445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.7316937446594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7059818506240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5906120538711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5447210073471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5223720669746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.519987165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5002846717834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4676627218723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.43984299898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-polarization-interferometry","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","score":0.43350645899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.42332765460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","score":0.41419363021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3998091220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3789121210575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3699430823326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.30350276827812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17240864038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15256991982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14135605096817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1390240490436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08727362751960754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7524054050445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.7316937446594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7059818506240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5906120538711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5447210073471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5223720669746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.519987165927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5002846717834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4676627218723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.43984299898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161926555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799470","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","level":3,"score":0.43350645899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.42332765460014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9483764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","level":2,"score":0.41419363021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3998091220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3789121210575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3699430823326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30350276827812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17240864038467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15256991982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14135605096817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1390240490436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08727362751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11138652220002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/30890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/30890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:852480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/852480/1/SAR%20SHIP%20DETECTION%20FOR%20ROUGH%20SEA%20CONDITIONS.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142575998","https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1930985770","https://openalex.org/W2088167233","https://openalex.org/W2090991102","https://openalex.org/W2275296373","https://openalex.org/W2411546627","https://openalex.org/W2613063417","https://openalex.org/W2771241984","https://openalex.org/W2772197002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762723134","https://openalex.org/W4319782698","https://openalex.org/W2096210059","https://openalex.org/W2135915376","https://openalex.org/W2362915595","https://openalex.org/W2037936744","https://openalex.org/W2764130716","https://openalex.org/W2771241984","https://openalex.org/W2023123161","https://openalex.org/W2980803059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,16,20,28,31,48,62,65,72,94,98,109,115],"Synthetic":[2],"Aperture":[3],"Radar":[4],"(SAR)":[5],"framework":[6],"many":[7],"detection":[8,21],"algorithms":[9],"and":[10,55,71,108],"techniques":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"published":[14],"in":[15,27,38,47,128],"recent":[17],"literature;":[18],"however":[19],"of":[22,30,57,101,130],"vessels":[23],"whose":[24],"dimensions":[25],"are":[26,81,112],"order":[29],"image":[32,91],"spatial":[33],"resolution":[34],"is":[35,45,105],"still":[36],"challenging":[37],"rough":[39],"sea":[40],"state":[41],"scenarios.":[42],"This":[43],"issue":[44],"addressed":[46],"paper":[49],"presented":[50,106],"here":[51,107],"by":[52,61],"comparing":[53],"rationale":[54],"performance":[56,125],"two":[58,110],"detectors":[59,80,111],"developed":[60],"same":[63],"authors:":[64],"Generalized":[66],"Likelihood":[67],"Ratio":[68,75],"Test":[69],"(GLRT)":[70],"Intensity":[73],"Dual-Polarization":[74],"Anomaly":[76],"Detector":[77],"(iDPolRAD).":[78],"Both":[79],"tested":[82],"on":[83,97],"a":[84],"dual-polarization":[85],"VV/VH":[86],"Interferometric":[87],"Wide":[88],"Swath":[89],"Sentinel-1":[90],"acquired":[92],"over":[93],"Suruga":[95],"Bay":[96],"Pacific":[99],"Coast":[100],"Japan.":[102],"The":[103],"theory":[104],"compared":[113],"against":[114],"Cell":[116],"Average-Constant":[117],"False":[118],"Alarm":[119],"Algorithm":[120],"(CA-CFAR)":[121],"showing":[122],"both":[123],"better":[124],"than":[126],"CFAR":[127],"terms":[129],"false":[131],"alarms":[132],"rejection.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}