{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989283062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","title":"Multi-Scale, Multi-Frequency, and Quad-Polarized Microwave Scattering from Sea Surface Numerical Simulation","display_name":"Multi-Scale, Multi-Frequency, and Quad-Polarized Microwave Scattering from Sea Surface Numerical Simulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989283062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","mag":"2989283062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101084471","display_name":"Xiaolu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5586-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074296693","display_name":"Biao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003569115","display_name":"William Perrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-2791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800026062","display_name":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/03bz9t645","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800026062"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Perrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800026062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4626","last_page":"4628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.7153352499008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6693810820579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6442642211914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.6271304488182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5949364900588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5791398286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.5724039673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5697808861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5539445877075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5426159501075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.4984891414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.4558521509170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.43547362089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4071338176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3637826442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3195987939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22405612468719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14953112602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11750176548957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11394688487052917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7153352499008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6693810820579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6442642211914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.6271304488182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5949364900588989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5791398286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.5724039673805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5697808861732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5539445877075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5426159501075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4984891414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4558521509170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.43547362089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4071338176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3637826442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3195987939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22405612468719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14953112602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11750176548957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11394688487052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8900198","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963834619","https://openalex.org/W1974172230","https://openalex.org/W2049496041","https://openalex.org/W2072858605","https://openalex.org/W2080054701","https://openalex.org/W2128891963","https://openalex.org/W2130484591","https://openalex.org/W2746781231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006474185","https://openalex.org/W2483195039","https://openalex.org/W2048211457","https://openalex.org/W2281797687","https://openalex.org/W2358411735","https://openalex.org/W4250650723","https://openalex.org/W2611761074","https://openalex.org/W2107024632","https://openalex.org/W2046463752","https://openalex.org/W3011201302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77],"radar":[1,63],"backscatter":[2],"from":[3],"the":[4,23,27,59,97,101,114,118],"sea":[5],"surface":[6],"plays":[7],"an":[8],"important":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,46,93,108],"ocean":[12],"observation.":[13],"Many":[14],"theoretical":[15],"models":[16,38],"have":[17],"been":[18],"developed":[19],"to":[20,82],"accurately":[21],"estimate":[22],"scattering":[24,37],"coefficient":[25],"over":[26],"past":[28],"few":[29],"decades.":[30],"A":[31],"comparison":[32],"between":[33],"simulations":[34],"of":[35,61,79,130],"different":[36,68],"with":[39,117,123],"three":[40],"roughness":[41],"spectra":[42],"and":[43,49,52,75,106,110,120,133],"field":[44],"measurements":[45,81],"Ku,":[47],"C,":[48],"L":[50],"bands":[51],"several":[53],"empirical":[54],"functions":[55],"is":[56,104],"obtained,":[57],"demonstrating":[58],"behavior":[60],"normalized":[62],"cross":[64],"section":[65],"(NRCS)":[66],"for":[67],"incidence":[69],"angles,":[70,74],"wind":[71],"speeds,":[72],"azimuth":[73],"frequencies.":[76],"verification":[78],"RADARSAT-2":[80],"these":[83],"combinations":[84],"suggests":[85],"that":[86],"NRCS":[87],"values":[88],"can":[89],"be":[90],"best":[91,107],"reproduced":[92],"VV":[94],"polarization":[95],"by":[96,113],"CB":[98],"model":[99,116],"when":[100],"E":[102,121],"spectrum":[103],"imported,":[105],"HH":[109],"VH":[111],"polarizations":[112],"SSA2":[115],"H2":[119],"spectra,":[122],"a":[124],"root":[125],"mean":[126],"square":[127],"error":[128],"(RMSE)":[129],"1.62,":[131],"1.57":[132],"2.10":[134],"dB,":[135],"respectively.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}