{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988508027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","title":"Application of Nonlinear Feature Normalization on Combined Hyperspectral and Lidar Data","display_name":"Application of Nonlinear Feature Normalization on Combined Hyperspectral and Lidar Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988508027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","mag":"2988508027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031865300","display_name":"Wolfgang Gro\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-0734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047379126","display_name":"Dimitri Bulatov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitri Bulatov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069504633","display_name":"Peter Solbrig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Solbrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics,System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB),Ettlingen,Germany,76275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031865300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57470999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1100","last_page":"1103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9191794395446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.8391972780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6353819370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5842422246932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5749800801277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5502486228942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5365761518478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5241284966468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.518548309803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4861730933189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48457109928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4747329652309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3591046929359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14820614457130432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9191794395446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.8391972780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6353819370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5842422246932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5749800801277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5502486228942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5365761518478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5241284966468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.518548309803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4861730933189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48457109928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4747329652309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3591046929359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14820614457130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8898979","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-565570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-565570.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IOSB","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/405657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/405657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008680434","https://openalex.org/W2049963111","https://openalex.org/W2127765149","https://openalex.org/W2162125741","https://openalex.org/W2746121933","https://openalex.org/W2766339631","https://openalex.org/W2774446296","https://openalex.org/W2901607379","https://openalex.org/W2911964244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W4320725409","https://openalex.org/W2014835793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mitigating":[0],"nonlinear":[1],"effects,":[2],"e.g.,":[3],"due":[4],"to":[5,56,75,87,100],"shadows,":[6],"variations":[7],"in":[8,21],"illumination":[9],"conditions,":[10],"and":[11,44,61,78],"angular":[12],"dependencies":[13],"of":[14,40],"spectral":[15,42],"signatures":[16],"is":[17,67,98],"an":[18],"important":[19],"topic":[20],"hyperspectral":[22],"remote":[23],"sensing.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"apply":[29],"the":[30,53,71,76,79,89,102],"Nonlinear":[31],"Feature":[32],"Normalization":[33],"on":[34],"a":[35,45,57,94],"combined":[36],"data":[37,54],"set":[38,55],"consisting":[39],"128":[41],"bands":[43],"weighted":[46],"digital":[47],"elevation":[48],"model.":[49],"The":[50],"NFN":[51],"transforms":[52],"new":[58],"linear":[59],"basis":[60],"by":[62,69],"that":[63],"mitigates":[64],"nonlinearities.":[65],"Evaluation":[66],"done":[68],"applying":[70],"Spectral":[72],"Angle":[73],"Mapper":[74],"original":[77],"NFN-transformed":[80],"data.":[81],"Different":[82],"parameter":[83],"combinations":[84],"are":[85],"tested":[86],"find":[88],"best":[90],"classification":[91],"results.":[92,103],"Additionally,":[93],"Random":[95],"Forest":[96],"approach":[97],"calculated":[99],"compare":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
